Características dos programas de exercício no local de trabalho associados à redução da dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores sedentários: uma revisão sistemática.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119776Palavras-chave:
workplace exercise; musculoskeletal pain; sedentary workersResumo
Introdução: O trabalho sedentário em escritórios está associado a um risco aumentado de distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos devido ao tempo prolongado sentado e aos baixos níveis de atividade física. Embora as intervenções com exercício no local de trabalho tenham demonstrado resultados favoráveis, as características associadas ainda não são claras.
Objectivo: Sintetizar as evidências sobre as intervenções com exercício no local de trabalho para reduzir a dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores sedentários e identificar as características relacionadas com resultados favoráveis.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA 2020. Os estudos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed e EBSCO até janeiro de 2024. Foram incluídas intervenções com exercício em trabalhadores sedentários. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada através das ferramentas dos National Institutes of Health (NIH) e, devido à heterogeneidade, os resultados foram resumidos narrativamente.
Resultados: Foram incluídas 38 publicações, correspondentes a 25 intervenções desenvolvidas em 13 países. De um modo geral, as intervenções têm sido associadas à redução da dor musculoesquelética, particularmente nos trabalhadores sintomáticos. O treino de força apresentou as evidências mais consistentes. As características recorrentes incluíram treino de resistência progressivo, programas de 10 a 12 semanas, sessões curtas várias vezes por semana e elevada adesão. A maioria dos estudos apresentou uma qualidade metodológica moderada a elevada.
Conclusões: As intervenções com exercício no local de trabalho representam uma estratégia promissora para reduzir a dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores sedentários. Esta revisão não identifica uma prescrição ideal, mas sim características recorrentes que podem orientar o planeamento e a implementação de programas futuros.
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