Pausas activas en aula para mejorar la salud mental, el bienestar y el autoconcepto académico en universitarios: un estudio piloto de viabilidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117187Palabras clave:
autoconcepto académico, comportamiento sedentario, educación superior, pausas activas, salud mentalResumen
Introducción: La transición a la educación superior suele implicar la adopción de hábitos poco saludables, como el aumento del comportamiento sedentario, lo que puede afectar negativamente la salud mental y el bienestar de los estudiantes.
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de pausas activas en el aula sobre la sintomatología depresiva, la ansiedad, el estrés, el bienestar subjetivo y el autoconcepto académico en estudiantes de nivel superior.
Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio piloto de diseño experimental, con asignación aleatoria a grupos paralelos. Participaron veintitrés estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física, distribuidos en un grupo intervención (n = 11) y un grupo control (n = 12). La intervención consistió en ejercicios físicos breves de intensidad moderada a vigorosa durante ocho semanas. Se aplicaron escalas validadas antes y después del programa.
Resultados: El grupo intervención presentó una reducción significativa en los niveles de sintomatología depresiva (p = 0,009) y mantuvo el afecto positivo y el equilibrio afectivo, a diferencia del grupo control. No se observaron cambios significativos en ansiedad, estrés, autoconcepto académico ni en el rendimiento académico objetivo.
Discusión: La disminución de los síntomas depresivos coincidió con estudios previos sobre los beneficios de la actividad física, mientras que la ausencia de efectos en otras variables podría explicarse por la duración limitada de la intervención o las características de la muestra.
Conclusiones: La incorporación de pausas activas en el aula puede tener un efecto protector sobre la salud mental y el bienestar emocional, incluso en universitarios con altos niveles de actividad física.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Nicole González-Calderón, Cristian Escobar-Miranda, Javier Meneses-Pinto, Alicia Contreras-Mu, Pablo Gajardo-Cáceres, Carlos Poblete-Aro, Javier Russell-Guzmán
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