Respuestas hemodinámicas, metabólicas y perceptuales al entrenamiento con restricción del flujo sanguíneo versus resistencia convencional en jóvenes con sobrepeso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.117796Palabras clave:
Restricción del flujo sanguíneo, hemodinámico, lactato sanguíneo, sobrepesoResumen
Introducción: el entrenamiento de fuerza beneficia a jóvenes con sobrepeso, pero la adherencia al método tradicional de alta intensidad (HT) se ve limitada por incomodidad y esfuerzo. El ejercicio de baja intensidad con restricción del flujo sanguíneo (LTBFR) surge como alternativa, aunque la evidencia comparativa sobre las respuestas agudas en esta población es escasa.
Objetivo: comparar las respuestas agudas hemodinámicas, perceptuales y metabólicas del LTBFR frente al HT en adultos jóvenes con sobrepeso.
Metodología: participaron veinticuatro jóvenes con sobrepeso asignados aleatoriamente a LTBFR (n=12; 40% 1RM, 60% presión de oclusión) o HT (n=12; 70% 1RM). Previo y posterior a una sesión, se evaluaron variables hemodinámicas (frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica) y perceptuales (esfuerzo percibido e incomodidad). El lactato sanguíneo se midió post-sesión al inicio y tras 8 semanas de intervención.
Resultados: inicialmente, el HT fue percibido significativamente más exigente e incómodo, y generó mayores incrementos en la frecuencia cardíaca y la presión sistólica comparado con el LTBFR. En contraste, el LTBFR elevó más la presión diastólica. Ambos protocolos produjeron incrementos iniciales significativos y comparables de lactato. Tras 8 semanas, la respuesta aguda de lactato post-ejercicio se atenuó significativamente en ambos grupos, indicando mayor eficiencia metabólica.
Conclusiones: en jóvenes con sobrepeso, el HT convencional impone mayor carga cardiovascular y perceptual aguda que el LTBFR. No obstante, ambas modalidades generan estrés metabólico y adaptaciones favorables. El LTBFR aporta estos beneficios con menor tensión cardiovascular y mejor tolerabilidad, respaldando su uso como estrategia inicial potente y segura en esta población.
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