El efecto de los ejercicios de estabilización escapular sobre el dolor de hombro, la discinesia escapular, la fuerza muscular y la función en pacientes con pinzamiento subacromial: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Amirah AlOtaibi Rehabilitation Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
  • Hussain Al Dera Rehabilitation Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Thamer AlShammari Rehabilitation Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Anoud Alanazi Rehabilitation Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia.
  • Saied Al Matif Rehabilitation Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia.
  • Mona Idris Rehabilitation Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.119119

Palabras clave:

Ejercicios de estabilización escapular, discinesia escapular, pinzamiento subacromial

Resumen

Objetivos: Se ha documentado previamente una correlación entre el síndrome de dolor subacromial (SAPS) y el movimiento escapular alterado. Este estudio buscó evaluar el impacto de las terapias dirigidas a los componentes escapulares para aliviar el dolor de hombro, mejorar la función, aumentar el rango de movimiento (ROM) y mejorar la fuerza muscular en personas con dolor y disfunción de hombro.

Fuentes de datos: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en seis bases de datos principales para el período 2010 a 2024; estos incluyeron Google Scholar, CINAHL, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PubMed y Science Direct. Selección de estudios: En esta revisión sistemática (RE) se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que examinaron el uso de ejercicios de estabilización escapular como intervenciones en pacientes con discinesia escapular (DE) y síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial (SAIS). Esta revisión se escribió en base a la guía PRISMA.

Extracción de datos: La calidad metodológica de cada estudio se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro.

Síntesis de datos: Esta revisión sistemática analizó siete ensayos controlados aleatorios sobre ejercicios de discinesia escapular. Los resultados fueron mixtos, con cuatro estudios que mostraron efectos significativos, mientras que tres no encontraron ninguno. La variabilidad en los tipos de ejercicio y combinaciones con otras terapias podría haber influido en estos resultados.

Conclusiones: Los ejercicios de estabilización escapular ayudan a la recuperación del síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro y la discinesia escapular. Los estudios revisados muestran resultados heterogéneos que conducen a evidencia no concluyente sobre su efectividad para mejorar la función escapular y reducir las molestias. Sin embargo, estos ejercicios son importantes para abordar las deficiencias neuromusculares y biomecánicas, mientras que el papel de los ejercicios específicos de estabilización en la rehabilitación integral sigue sin estar claro.

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Publicado

19-05-2026

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

AlOtaibi, A., Al Dera, H., AlShammari, T., Alanazi, A., Al Matif, S., & Idris, M. (2026). El efecto de los ejercicios de estabilización escapular sobre el dolor de hombro, la discinesia escapular, la fuerza muscular y la función en pacientes con pinzamiento subacromial: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 80, 773-785. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.119119