Criterios de elegibilidad utilizados para investigar COVID persistente en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v84.119866Palabras clave:
COVID-19 prolongado, pedíatria, post-COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2Resumen
Introducción: El COVID prolongado es una condición pediátrica heterogénea, pero la variabilidad en sus definiciones de caso limita la comparabilidad de la evidencia disponible.
Objetivo: Identificar los criterios de elegibilidad en estudios sobre COVID prolongado en niños y adolescentes, evaluando su concordancia con la definición clínica de la OMS.
Metodología: Revisión metodológica sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas (búsqueda hasta mayo de 2025) que incluyó estudios primarios (0-18 años). La superposición se cuantificó mediante el Corrected Covered Area (CCA).
Resultados: De 15 revisiones (370 estudios primarios), se analizaron 86 estudios únicos (CCA = 11%). Solo el 3% cumplió plenamente la definición de la OMS, el 10% mostró concordancia parcial y el 87% fue inconsistente. Aunque el 94% exigió infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada o probable, solo el 20% requirió síntomas persistentes de al menos 2 meses, y únicamente el 13% especificó una duración mínima de 3 meses desde el inicio de la enfermedad.
Conclusión: Los estudios pediátricos emplean criterios altamente heterogéneos y muestran baja adherencia a las directrices de la OMS. Esta variabilidad compromete la comparabilidad y la fiabilidad epidemiológica, lo que subraya la necesidad de estandarizar los criterios de elegibilidad para guiar las políticas de salud, la planificación clínica y la atención sanitaria en esta población.
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