Associação entre a assistência nutricional, a qualidade dos alimentos e os comportamentos alimentares de risco em jovens jogadores de futebol.

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117590

Palavras-chave:

Adolescente, qualidade dos alimentos, comportamento alimentar, distúrbios alimentares, futebol

Resumo

Introdução: Os jovens jogadores de futebol enfrentam riscos nutricionais associados às exigências competitivas e ao ambiente de treino. As evidências sobre o papel do suporte nutricional nesta população são ainda limitadas.

Objectivo: Analisar a associação entre o suporte nutricional, a qualidade da dieta e os comportamentos alimentares de risco em jovens jogadores de futebol pertencentes a clubes da Associação Nacional de Futebol Profissional do Chile.

Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 581 jogadores de futebol com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 19 anos, de 24 clubes da Primeira Divisão A e B. Foram aplicados o Índice Global de Qualidade da Dieta e a subescala de comportamentos alimentares de risco do instrumento E-TONA. Foram utilizadas correlações de Spearman, regressões lineares simples e regressões logísticas com intervalos de confiança a 95%.

Resultados: Uma maior frequência de suporte nutricional esteve significativamente associada a uma melhor qualidade global da dieta (p < 0,001), a um maior consumo de fruta (p = 0,001), de vegetais, ao almoço e ao jantar, e a uma menor ingestão de doces (p < 0,001) e fritos (p < 0,001). Observou-se também uma menor probabilidade relativa de compulsão alimentar (p = 0,002), fome constante (p < 0,001) e de comer até à saciedade completa (p = 0,003). As diferenças na qualidade da dieta foram identificadas de acordo com a divisão competitiva (p = 0,018).

Conclusões: Uma maior frequência de suporte nutricional esteve associada a uma melhor qualidade da dieta e a uma menor probabilidade relativa de comportamentos alimentares de risco nos jovens jogadores de futebol, reforçando a importância da intervenção nutricional desde as fases formativas.

Referências

Ahmed, S. P., Bittencourt-Hewitt, A., & Sebastian, C. L. (2015). Neurocognitive bases of emotion regula-tion development in adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.006

Callis, L., Russell, M., Hurst, H., Hardwicke, J., & Roberts, C. J. (2023). Room for improvement in sports nutrition knowledge amongst parents and caregivers of male academy soccer players in the UK: A Cross-Sectional study. Nutrients, 15(20), 4331. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204331

Carney, D. J., Hannon, M. P., Coleman, N. M., Murphy, R. C., Close, G. L., & Morton, J. P. (2023). An audit of performance nutrition services in English soccer academies: implications for optimising player development. Science & Medicine In Football, 7(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2022.2055785

Christian, P., & Smith, E. R. (2018). Adolescent undernutrition: Global burden, physiology, and nutri-tional risks. Annals Of Nutrition & Metabolism, 72(4), 316–328. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488865

Ciaffi, J., Mancarella, L., Ripamonti, C., Brusi, V., Pignatti, F., Lisi, L., & Ursini, F. (2025). Ultra-processed food consumption and systemic inflammatory biomarkers: A scoping review. Nutrients, 17(18), 3012. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17183012

Denniss, E., Lindberg, R., Marchese, L. E., & McNaughton, S. A. (2024). #Fail: the quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information by influential Australian Instagram accounts. The International Journal Of Behavioral Nutrition And Physical Activity, 21(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01565-y

Desbrow B. (2021). Youth athlete development and nutrition. Sports Medicine, 51(Suppl 1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01534-6

Everett S. (2025). Optimizing performance nutrition for adolescent athletes: A review of dietary needs, risks, and practical strategies. Nutrients, 17(17), 2792. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172792

Fiorini, S., Neri, L. C. L., Guglielmetti, M., Pedrolini, E., Tagliabue, A., Quatromoni, P. A., & Ferraris, C. (2023). Nutritional counseling in athletes: a systematic review. Frontiers in nutrition, 10, 1250567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1250567

França, C., Gouveia, É. R., Martins, F., Ihle, A., Henriques, R., Marques, A., Sarmento, H., Przednowek, K., & Lopes, H. (2024). Lower-body power, body composition, speed, and agility performance among youth soccer players. Sports, 12(5), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12050135

Gao, Z., Wang, S., Peng, L., Sun, L., Qiu, P., Bai, B., Zhang, Q., Wu, J., Zha, Y., Zhu, F., & Wang, Q. (2022). Comparison of the effects of different forms of nutrition education on adolescent male soccer players. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(21), 13803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113803

García-Rovés, P. M., García-Zapico, P., Patterson, A. M., & Iglesias-Gutiérrez, E. (2014). Nutrient intake and food habits of soccer players: Analyzing the correlates of eating practice. Nutrients, 6(7), 2697–2717. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6072697

Ghazzawi, H. A., Hussain, M. A., Raziq, K. M., Alsendi, K. K., Alaamer, R. O., Jaradat, M., Alobaidi, S., Al Aqili, R., Trabelsi, K., & Jahrami, H. (2023). Exploring the relationship between micronutrients and athletic performance: A comprehensive scientific systematic review of the literature in sports medicine. Sports, 11(6), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11060109

Giel, K. E., Hermann-Werner, A., Mayer, J., Diehl, K., Schneider, S., Thiel, A., Zipfel, S., & GOAL study group (2016). Eating disorder pathology in elite adolescent athletes. The International Journal Of Eat-ing Disorders, 49(6), 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22511

Grosso, G., Laudisio, D., Frias-Toral, E., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., Savastano, S., & Colao, A. (2022). Anti-inflammatory nutrients and obesity-associated metabolic-inflammation: state of the art and fu-ture direction. Nutrients, 14(6), 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061137

Hannon, M. P., Parker, L. J. F., Carney, D. J., McKeown, J., Speakman, J. R., Hambly, C., Drust, B., Unnithan, V. B., Close, G. L., & Morton, J. P. (2021). Energy requirements of male academy soccer players from the English premier league. Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise, 53(1), 200–210. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002443

Hun, N., González-Fernández, F., & Sepúlveda, V. (2024). Salud mental y estilos de alimentación: análisis comparativo de tipos de cuentas y contenido en redes sociales. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 42(3), 563-571 6178. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.05620

Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., Purpura, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Ferrando, A. A., Arent, S. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Arciero, P. J., Ormsbee, M. J., Taylor, L. W., Wilborn, C. D., Kalman, D. S., Kreider, R. B., Willoughby, D. S., Hoffman, J. R., … Antonio, J. (2017). International society of sports nutrition position stand: Protein and exercise. Journal Of The International Society Of Sports Nutrition, 14, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8

Kerksick, C. M., Arent, S., Schoenfeld, B. J., Stout, J. R., Campbell, B., Wilborn, C. D., Taylor, L., Kalman, D., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Kreider, R. B., Willoughby, D., Arciero, P. J., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Ormsbee, M. J., Wildman, R., Greenwood, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Aragon, A. A., & Antonio, J. (2017). Internation-al society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. Journal Of The International Socie-ty Of Sports Nutrition, 14, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4

Kiss, A., Soós, S., Temesi, Á., Unger-Plasek, B., Lakner, Z., & Tompa, O. (2023). Evaluation of the reliabil-ity and educational quality of YouTube™ videos on sport nutrition topics. Journal Of The Inter-national Society Of Sports Nutrition, 20(1), 2278632. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2023.2278632

Magee, M. K., Jones, M. T., Fields, J. B., Kresta, J., Khurelbaatar, C., Dodge, C., Merfeld, B., Ambrosius, A., Carpenter, M., & Jagim, A. R. (2023). Body composition, energy availability, risk of eating disor-der, and sport nutrition knowledge in young athletes. Nutrients, 15(6), 1502. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061502

Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Vicente-Martínez, M., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Miralles-Amorós, L., Martínez-Olcina, M., & Sánchez-Sáez, J. A. (2021). Eating disorders in top elite beach handball players: Cross sec-tional study. Children, 8(3), 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8030245

Martinho, D. V., Naughton, R. J., Leão, C., Lemos, J., Field, A., Faria, A., Rebelo, A., Gouveia, É. R., & Sarmen-to, H. (2023). Dietary intakes and daily distribution patterns of macronutrients in youth soccer players. Frontiers In Nutrition, 10, 1134845. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1134845

Mitchell, L. J., Ball, L. E., Ross, L. J., Barnes, K. A., & Williams, L. T. (2017). Effectiveness of dietetic con-sultations in primary health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal Of The Academy Of Nutrition And Dietetics, 117(12), 1941–1962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.364

Noronha, D. C., Santos, M. I. A. F., Santos, A. A., Corrente, L. G. A., Fernandes, R. K. N., Barreto, A. C. A., San-tos, R. G. J., Santos, R. S., Gomes, L. P. S., & Nascimento, M. V. S. (2020). Nutrition knowledge is correlated with a better dietary intake in adolescent soccer players: A cross-sectional study. Journal Of Nutrition And Metabolism, 2020, 3519781. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3519781

Oda-Montecinos, C., Saldaña, C., Beyle, C., Andrés, A., Moya-Vergara, R., & Véliz-García, O. (2018). Insatis-facción corporal y comportamientos alimentarios anómalos en una muestra comunitaria de adultos chilenos. Revista Mexicana De Trastornos Alimentarios, 9(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.479

Patton-Lopez, M. M., Manore, M. M., Branscum, A., Meng, Y., & Wong, S. S. (2018). Changes in sport nutri-tion knowledge, attitudes/beliefs and behaviors following a two-year sport nutrition education and life-skills intervention among high school soccer players. Nutrients, 10(11), 1636. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111636

Phelan, J. M., Rosenkranz, R. R., Phelan, C. J., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2023). Holistic framework to contex-tualize dietary quality assessment: A critical review. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 20(5), 3986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053986

Philippou, E., Middleton, N., Pistos, C., Andreou, E., & Petrou, M. (2017). The impact of nutrition educa-tion on nutrition knowledge and adherence to the mediterranean diet in adolescent competitive swimmers. Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, 20(4), 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.023

Pingitore, A., Lima, G. P., Mastorci, F., Quinones, A., Iervasi, G., & Vassalle, C. (2015). Exercise and oxida-tive stress: potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition, 31(7-8), 916–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.005

Ratner, R., Hernández, P., Martel, J., & Atalah, E. (2017). A proposed new index of global food quali-ty. Revista Chilena De Nutrición, 44(1), 33-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182017000100005

Rojas-Padilla, I. C., Portela-Pino, I., & Martínez-Patiño, M. J. (2024). The risk of eating disorders in ado-lescent athletes: How we might address this phenomenon?. Sports, 12(3), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12030077

Saldaña, C. (2010). Entrevista para la evaluación del comportamiento alimentario y actividad física en niños y adolescentes, versión padres: Proyecto E-TONA. Universidad de Barcelona.

Stables, R. G., Hannon, M. P., Jacob, A. D., Topping, O., Costello, N. B., Boddy, L. M., Hambly, C., Speakman, J. R., Sodhi, J. S., Close, G. L., & Morton, J. P. (2023). Daily energy requirements of male academy soccer players are greater than age-matched non-academy soccer players: A doubly labelled water investigation. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 41(12), 1218–1230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2263707

Tam, R., Beck, K. L., Manore, M. M., Gifford, J., Flood, V. M., & O'Connor, H. (2019). Effectiveness of edu-cation interventions designed to improve nutrition knowledge in athletes: A systematic re-view. Sports Medicine, 49(11), 1769–1786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01157-y

Tan, X., Rogers, N., Brown, N., MacDonald, M., Bowler, A. L., & Cox, G. R. (2022). The impact of a 'remote-ly-delivered' sports nutrition education program on dietary intake and nutrition knowledge of junior elite triathletes. Nutrients, 14(24), 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245203

Tektunalı Akman, C., Gönen Aydın, C., & Ersoy, G. (2024). The effect of nutrition education sessions on energy availability, body composition, eating attitude and sports nutrition knowledge in young female endurance athletes. Frontiers In Public Health, 12, 1289448. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289448

Trakman, G. L., Forsyth, A., Hoye, R., & Belski, R. (2019). Australian team sports athletes prefer dieti-tians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information. Nutrition & Dietetics : The Journal Of The Dietitians Association Of Australia, 76(4), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12569

Valentino, G., Acevedo, M., Villablanca, C., Álamos, M., Orellana, L., Adasme, M., Baraona, F., & Navarrete, C. (2019). La ingesta de “once”, en reemplazo de la cena, se asocia al riesgo de presentar sín-drome metabólico. Revista médica de Chile, 147(6), 693-702. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872019000600693

Vásquez-Díaz, F., Aguayo-Muela, Á. D. C., Radesca, K., Muñoz-Andradas, G., & Domínguez-Balmaseda, D. (2024). Prevalence of disordered eating risk attitudes in youth elite male and female football players. Journal Of Clinical Medicine, 13(20), 6178. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206178

Wells, K. R., Jeacocke, N. A., Appaneal, R., Smith, H. D., Vlahovich, N., Burke, L. M., & Hughes, D. (2020). The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) po-sition statement on disordered eating in high performance sport. British Journal Of Sports Medi-cine, 54(21), 1247–1258. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101813

Zeng, D., Fang, Z. L., Qin, L., Yu, A. Q., Ren, Y. B., Xue, B. Y., Zhou, X., Gao, Z. Y., Ding, M., An, N., & Wang, Q. R. (2020). Evaluation for the effects of nutritional education on Chinese elite male young soccer players: The application of adjusted dietary balance index (DBI). Journal Of Exercise Science And Fitness, 18(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2019.08.004

Publicado

01-01-2026

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

González-Fernández, F., Hun, N., & Veiga, Óscar L. (2026). Associação entre a assistência nutricional, a qualidade dos alimentos e os comportamentos alimentares de risco em jovens jogadores de futebol. Retos, 74, 333-345. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117590