Efeito dos programas de educação física gamificados na aptidão física e na coordenação motora: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Autores

  • Cristina Castro-Collado Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • Rafael Cortés-Rojas Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • Alejandro Pradas-Ponce Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • Daniel Rangel-Rodríguez Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • José Andrés Ruiz-Castaño Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • Vanesa Cuevas-Cuevas Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • Pablo Pradas-Villaécija Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.
  • Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro 1 University of Cordoba. Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital., Avda Menéndez Pidal Sn, 14004, Córdoba, Spain. 2 CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain 3 Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.117945

Palavras-chave:

Agilidade, crianças, exercício, força, VO2máx

Resumo

Introdução: A educação física (EF) evoluiu para abordagens ativas que incentivam a participação dos alunos e promovem estilos de vida saudáveis. A gamificação surgiu como uma estratégia promissora para aumentar a motivação dos alunos e melhorar o desempenho físico, com efeitos positivos na aptidão física, incluindo a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e a composição corporal. No entanto, as revisões abrangentes sobre a sua eficácia no contexto da EF são ainda limitadas.

Metodologia: Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise examinou os efeitos das intervenções baseadas na gamificação na educação física na aptidão física e na coordenação motora, em comparação com as abordagens tradicionais ou não gamificadas. O protocolo foi registado no PROSPERO (CRD42025642780). As pesquisas foram realizadas no PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect e Scopus até setembro de 2024. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram desfechos relacionados com a aptidão física. O risco de viés foi avaliado através da ferramenta Cochrane RoB 2.

Resultados: Dos 958 registos identificados, seis estudos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. As intervenções gamificadas na educação física melhoraram o VO₂máx (DM = 4,05; IC 95%: 2,54 a 5,57; p < 0,001; I² = 38%) e a agilidade (DM = 1,04; IC 95%: 0,17 a 1,92; p = 0,02; I² = 99%). Não foram observados efeitos benéficos no desempenho do salto horizontal (DM = −0,01; IC 95%: −0,06 a 0,04; p = 0,67; I² = 95%), enquanto o desempenho do salto com contramovimento (CMJ) favoreceu o grupo controlo (DM = −2,39; IC 95%: −3,76 a −1,02; p < 0,001; I² = 62%). A maioria dos estudos apresentou um baixo risco de viés em diversos domínios, embora tenham sido identificadas algumas preocupações, principalmente relacionadas com o processo de randomização e com desvios das intervenções planeadas.

Conclusões: As intervenções gamificadas na educação física podem melhorar o VO₂máx e a agilidade; no entanto, as evidências referentes aos desfechos relacionados com a força são inconsistentes. Estes achados devem ser interpretados com cautela devido ao pequeno número de estudos incluídos, à elevada heterogeneidade observada em vários desfechos e a algumas limitações metodológicas.

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Publicado

17-05-2026

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Revisões teóricas sistemáticas e/ou metanálises

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Castro-Collado, C., Cortés-Rojas, R., Pradas-Ponce, A., Rangel-Rodríguez, D., Ruiz-Castaño, J. A., Cuevas-Cuevas, V., Pradas-Villaécija, P., & Jurado-Castro, J. M. (2026). Efeito dos programas de educação física gamificados na aptidão física e na coordenação motora: revisão sistemática e meta-análise. Retos, 82, 364-378. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.117945