Perspectivas biomecânicas e fisiológicas no treino do salto em altura: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118209Palavras-chave:
Desempenho atlético, treino atlético, centro de massa, risco de lesão, otimização do desempenhoResumo
Introdução: A biomecânica desportiva tem sido amplamente aplicada para melhorar o desempenho atlético e minimizar o risco de lesões. No atletismo, o salto em altura envolve uma coordenação complexa de movimentos e apresenta um elevado risco de lesão.
Objectivo: O objectivo deste estudo é rever sistematicamente as publicações científicas sobre o salto em altura no atletismo e oferecer recomendações apropriadas para optimizar o desempenho atlético nesta modalidade.
Metodologia: Este estudo adaptou as diretrizes PRISMA para a recolha de dados. Além disso, foi também incluída uma análise de palavras-chave e uma revisão da literatura para fornecer dados mais abrangentes.
Resultados: Foram identificados um total de 971 estudos em cinco bases de dados (SCOPUS, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, PubMed e Springer). Destes, 276 artigos foram utilizados para a análise de palavras-chave e 15 artigos para a revisão da literatura. Com base nos resultados da análise de palavras-chave, evidenciou-se que a investigação sobre o salto em altura incorporou com sucesso diversas vertentes, entre as quais a reabilitação desportiva. Além disso, os resultados da revisão da literatura mostraram que a investigação evoluiu de abordagens convencionais (baseadas em teorias) para abordagens mais modernas (utilizando tecnologia digital).
Discussão: Os resultados apresentados indicam que a investigação sobre o salto em altura ainda necessita de ser expandida. Dos 15 artigos identificados, apenas 10 foram considerados adequados e puderam ser revistos na íntegra. Em última análise, os investigadores encontraram apenas 10 artigos que abordavam o salto em altura no atletismo.
Conclusões: Apesar de apresentar alguns resultados interessantes, a investigação sobre o salto em altura ainda tem de ser desenvolvida para que se possa tornar uma referência sólida no futuro. Isto irá maximizar o desenvolvimento do desporto do salto em altura, tanto em contextos académicos como não académicos.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Muchamad Arif Al Ardha, Nurhasan Nurhasan, Catur Supriyanto, Chung Bing Yang, Sauqi Sawa Bikalawans, Firman Yahya Simanjuntak, Vivi Allmahi Diana Rizki
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