Violência de género e saúde mental em populações universitárias de educação física e desporto: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119034Palavras-chave:
Violência de género, saúde mental, estudantes universitários, violência doméstica, agressão sexual, educação física, estudantes-atletas, desempenho desportivo, treino com foco no trauma, psicologia do desportoResumo
Introdução. A violência de género é um problema generalizado que afecta os estudantes universitários, com consequências significativas para a saúde mental, o desempenho académico e a participação em actividades desportivas e de educação física. Esta população necessita de evidência científica para contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e intervenções eficazes.
Objetivo. Rever as associações entre a vitimização por violência de género e os resultados de saúde mental entre estudantes universitários, incluindo os envolvidos no desporto e na educação física.
Metodologia. Foram identificados um total de 1.037 estudos através de pesquisas sistemáticas nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA, foram analisados 140 artigos publicados entre 2021 e 2026. A análise centrou-se sobretudo na prevalência da violência, nas experiências de vitimização e nas suas consequências para a saúde mental.
Resultados. As taxas de prevalência foram elevadas: violência por parceiro íntimo (14,3–33,8%), agressão sexual (10,9–30,8%), violência no namoro (11,6–34,2%), assédio (13,5–33,7%), perseguição (10,5–34,1%) e controlo coercivo (11,2–34,2%). Os efeitos na saúde mental apresentaram magnitudes de efeito de moderadas a grandes: depressão (0,30–0,79), ansiedade (0,31–0,80), perturbação de stress pós-traumático (PSPT) (0,34–0,75), ideação suicida (0,34–0,72), consumo de substâncias (0,37–0,80) e automutilação (OR ajustado = 3,28). No contexto desportivo, observou-se uma diminuição do desempenho motor, uma redução da motivação e níveis mais elevados de burnout.
Conclusão: A violência de género representa um desafio significativo tanto para o bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes como para o seu desempenho em actividades desportivas. Determinados grupos, como as mulheres, as minorias sexuais e as pessoas de comunidades marginalizadas, correm maior risco de sofrer estas formas de violência. Os resultados realçam a necessidade de reforçar as políticas de prevenção, os sistemas de apoio institucional e as intervenções que visam a promoção de ambientes universitários seguros e inclusivos.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 José Alexander Velásquez Ochoa, Marianella Alicia Suárez Pizzarello, Luis Fernando Garces Giraldo, José Albán Londoño Arias, Rosana Alejandra Meleán Romero, David Alberto García-Arango, Marcela María Villa Patiño
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