Estresse laboral e síndrome de burnout: percepção dos treinadores da Liga de Basquete Feminino (LBF)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.106723Keywords:
basketball, burnout, stress, coachAbstract
The objective of the study was to identify the factors that can cause work stress and burnout syndrome, as well as their manifestations and their effects on high-performance women's basketball coaches. Nine coaches from Brazil's main professional basketball league participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed through the elaboration of meaning unities (MUs). The results showed 309 MUs associated with the following categories: organizational stress, social stress regarding training and competitions, as well as symptoms related to burnout syndrome. According to the results, the coaches presented symptoms of stress related, mainly, to organizational factors in Brazilian women's basketball, the daily training and competitions, and social life. As for the routine of games and training, team coaches with the lowest budget reported that the lack of a multidisciplinary team is a daily stress factor. Coaches also suffer from symptoms of physical and emotional exhaustion, as well as feeling invariably undervalued. Some of them have already thought of leaving the profession. The adoption of physical, mental and social recovery strategies associated with coping strategies is an important measure for stress reduction and control and, consequently, burnout.
References
Altfeld, S., Schaffran, P., Kleinert, J., & Kellmann, M. (2018). Minimizing the risk of coach burnout: From research to practice. International Sport Coaching Journal, 5(1),71–78. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2017-0033
Ackeret, N., Röthlin, P., Allemand, M., Krieger, T., Berger, T., Znoj, H., ... & Horvath, S. (2022). Six-month stability of individual differences in sports coaches’ burnout, self-compassion and social support. Psychology of sport and exer-cise, 61, 102207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102207
Bentzen, M., Lemyre, N., & Kenttä, G. (2017). A comparison of high-performance football coaches experiencing high-versus low-burnout symptoms across a season of play: Quality of motivation and recovery matters. International Sport Coaching Journal, 4(2), 133-146. http:// doi:10.1123/iscj.2016-0045
Çakir, E., Güleşce, M., Sargin, K., & Fatih, E. R (2023). Examination of the Stress Factors Experienced by Coach-es. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 4(1), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i1.112
Côté, J., Ericsson, K. A., & Law, M. P. (2005). Tracing the development of athletes using retrospective interview meth-ods: A proposed interview and validation procedure for reported information. Journal of applied sport psycholo-gy, 17(1), 1-19.
Côté, J., Salmela, J., Trudel, P., Baria, A., & Russell, S. (1995). The coaching model: A grounded assessment of expert gymnastic coaches’ knowledge. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 17(1), 1-17.
Engel, R., & Schutt, R. (2011). Survey research. In: R. Grinnell & Y. Unrau (Eds.) Social work research and evaluation foundations of evidence-based practice. (pp. 326-364). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ericsson, K. A. (2020). Towards a science of the acquisition of expert performance in sports: Clarifying the differences between deliberate practice and other types of practice. Journal of sports sciences, 38(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1688618
Fan, F., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Li, B., Guo, L., Shi, Y., ... & Shi, H. (2023). How relationship-maintenance strategies influ-ence athlete burnout: Mediating roles of coach–athlete relationship and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1104143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1104143
Ferreira, R. M., Penna, E. M., Costa, V. T., & Moraes, L. C. (2012). Nadadores medalhistas olímpicos: contexto do desenvolvimento brasileiro. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 18, 130-142. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742012000100014
Fletcher, D., & Scott, M. (2010). Psychological stress in sports coaches: A review of concepts, research, and practice. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903406208
Gustafsson, H., DeFreese, J. D., & Madigan, D. J. (2017). Athlete burnout: Review and recommendations. Current opin-ion in psychology, 16, 109-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.002
Hassmén, P., Lundkvist, E., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Gustafsson, H. (2020). Coach burnout in relation to perfec-tionistic cognitions and self-presentation. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(23), 8812. http:// doi:10.3390/ijerph17238812
Hjälm, S., Kenttä, G., & Hassmén, P., & Gustafsson, H. (2007). Burnout among elite soccer coaches. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30, 415-427.
Irwin, M. R. (2015). Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annual review of psycholo-gy, 66, 143-172. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205
Karabatsos, G., Malousaris, G., & Apostolidis, N. (2006). Evaluation and comparison of burnout levels in basketball, volleyball and track and field coaches. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism, 13, 79-83.
Kelly, E., Banks, J., McGuinness, S., & Watson, D. (2018). Playing senior inter-county Gaelic games: Experiences, realities and consequences. The Economic and Social Research Institute, 76, https://doi.org/10.26504/rs76
Kim, S. S., Hamiliton, B., Beable, S., Cavadino, A., & Fulcher, M. L. (2020). Elite coaches have a similar prevalence of depressive symptoms to the general population and lower rates than elite athletes. BMJ Open Sport—Exercise Medi-cine, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000719
Lundkvist, E., Gustafsson, H., Hjälm, S., & Hassmén, P. (2012). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of burnout and recovery in elite soccer coaches. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 4, 400-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2012.693526
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E. (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113.
Mellano, K. T., Horn, T. S., & Mann, M. (2022). Examining links between coaching behaviors and collegiate athletes’ burnout levels using a longitudinal approach. Psychology of sport and exercise, 61, 102189.
Nakamura, R. V., & Bastos, F. D. (2021). O Coaching na Gestão do Esporte: Uma revisão sistemática de literatu-ra. Revista de Gestão e Negócios do Esporte, 6(2), 29-45.
Olusoga, P., & Kenttä, G. (2017). Desperate to quit: a narrative analysis of burnout and recovery in high-performance sports coaching. The Sport Psychologist, 31(3), 237 -248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016- 0010
Patrick, A., & Corte, U. (2019). What is qualitative in qualitative research? Qualitative Sociology, 42, 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7.
Patton, M. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: integrating theory and practice. (4st ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Quinaud, R. T., Mazzei, L. C., Milan, F. J., Milistetd, M., & Nascimento, J. V. (2019). Gestores do esporte: reflexões sobre sua formação e desenvolvimento profissional. Pensar a Prática, 22, 1-17. https://doi/10.5216/rpp.v22.52188.
Reis, C. P., da Costa, V. T., Pereira, F. D. A. A., dos Santos, E. C., Junior, D. B. R., de Araujo, L. T., & Paes, R. R. (2022). Percepção dos treinadores do Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB) sobre o desenvolvimento dos atletas brasilei-ros. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 43, 325-335.
Reis, C. P., Moraes, L. C., Ferreira, M. C., Noce, F., & Costa, V. T. (2014). Recursos humanos, financeiros e materiais de atletas de basquetebol nas categorias de base e a percepção dos treinadores sobre a formação dos atletas. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 28(3), 491-503. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092014000300491
Reis, C. P., Pires, D. A., Pereira, F. D. A. A., & Morales, J. C. P. (2020). Estresse laboral e síndrome de Burnout: per-cepção dos treinadores do Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB). Revista Brasileira de Psicologia do Espor-te, 10(4).https://doi.org/10.31501/rbpe.v10i4.11965
Reis, C. P., Ferreira, M. C., Santiago, M. L., Almeida, F. R., Pires, D.A (2024). Pandemia Covid-19: a percepção de treinadores da Liga de Basquete Feminino sobre as condições laborais e estresse. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educa-ción física, deporte y recreación, 51, 1309-1317.
Ronkainen, N.J. & Wiltshire, G. (2019): Rethinking validity in qualitative sport and exercise psychology research: a realist perspective. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 13-28. https://doi: 10.1080/1612197x.2019.1637363.
Santiago, M. L., Pires, D. A., Samulski, D. M., & Costa, V. T. (2016). Síndrome de burnout em treinadores brasileiros de voleibol de alto rendimento. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 25(2), 281-288.
Santos, F., & Costa, V. C. (2018). Stress among sports coaches: A systematic review. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 18(3), 268-292.
Silverman, D. (2020). Qualitative Research. (4a ed.) Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Simões, J., & Bianchi, L. R. (2016). Prevalência da síndrome de Burnout e qualidade do sono em trabalhadores técnicos de enfermagem. Saúde Pesquisa. 9 (3): 473-81. https://doi.org/10.17765/1983-1870.2016v9n3p473-481
Smith, B., & Sparks, A. G. (2016). Interviews qualitative in the sports and exercise sciences. In. B. Smith, B & A. G. Sparks. (Eds.) Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise (pp. 103-123). Abingdon: Routledge.
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Osborn, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and re-search. London: Sage.
Vealey, R. S., Martin, E., Coppola, A., Ward, R. M., & Chamberlin, J. (2020). The slippery slope: can motivation and perfectionism lead to burnout coaches? International Sport Coaching Journal, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0043.
Weinberg, & Gould. (2017). Fundamentos da psicologia do esporte e do exercício. (6th ed.) Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Wright, S. A., Walker, L. F., & Hall, E. E. (2023). Effects of workplace stress, perceived stress, and burnout on colle-giate coach mental health outcomes. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 974267.https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.974267
Wu, D., Luo, Y., Ma, S. et al. (2022). Organizational stressors predict competitive trait anxiety and burnout in young athletes: Testing psychological resilience as a moderator. Current Psychology, 41, 8345–8353 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01633-7
Zanatta, T. C., Freitas, D. M., Carelli, F. G., & Costa, I. T. (2022). O perfil do gestor esportivo brasileiro: revisão sis-temática da literatura. Movimento, 24, 291-304. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.73803
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 cleiton Pereira Reis, Márcia Cristina Custódia Ferreira , Flávia Renata de Almeida , Marisa Lúcia de Mello Santiago , Mauro Vinícius de Sá, Fernando Bevilaqua Fernandes Hosken, Daniel Alvarez Pires
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
