Positive youth development settings to and barriers through rock climbing in physical education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.111600Keywords:
Positive youth development, outdoor education, rock climbingAbstract
Introduction: This study aims to describe the setting of contexts, types of environments, and barriers through rock climbing that promote positive youth development in Physical Education at one of the High Schools in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia.
Objective: Based on the theoretical framework of outdoor adventure education and the positive youth development model.
Methodology: Researchers interviewed nine teachers with and without experience in rock climbing adventure education through semi-structured interviews regarding the setting of contexts and environments that promote positive youth development.
Results: The teachers conveyed the influence of considering the contexts and types of environments that promote positive youth development, such as physical, emotional, and community aspects. Potential barriers include the risk of falling or injury, the nature of rock climbing activities, infrastructure, and safety.
Discussion: The teachers stated that they can facilitate positive youth development by considering the contexts and types of environments through rock climbing adventure education.
Conclusions: The setting of contexts and types of environments for positive youth development through rock climbing adventure education has the potential to generate synergies with positive impacts.
References
Acosta, J. D., Chinman, M., & Phillips, A. (2021). Promoting positive youth development through healthy middle school environments. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Youth Development: Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice in Global Contexts (pp. 483–499). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 70262-5_32
Ardoin, N. M., Bowers, A. W., Kannan, A., Connor, K. O., Ardoin, N. M., Bowers, A. W., Kannan, A., & Bow-ers, A. W. (2022). Positive youth development outcomes and environmental education : a re-view of research education : a review of research ABSTRACT. International Journal of Adoles-cence and Youth, 27(1), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2022.2147442
Barfield, P. A., Ridder, K., Hughes, J., & Rice-Mcneil, K. (2021). Get outside! promoting adolescent health through outdoor after-school activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147223
Barroso, M. H. (2024). La formación docente en actividades físicas en el medio natural en la Educación Física en España: Un análisis de los planes de estudio universitarios Teacher training in outdoor and adventure education in Physical Education in Spain: An analysis of university curriculum plans. 2041(2021), 681–689.
Beaumont, L. C., & Warburton, V. E. (2019). Lifestyle sports, pedagogy and physical education. In S. Capel & R. Blair (Eds.), Debates in physical education (pp. 239–255).
Becker, C., Lauterbach, G., Spengler, S., Dettweiler, U., & Mess, F. (2017). Effects of regular classes in outdoor education settings: A systematic review on students’ learning, social and health dimen-sions. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 14, Issue 5). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050485
Bialeschki, M. D., Henderson, K. A., & James, P. A. (2007). Camp Experiences and Developmental Out-comes for Youth. 16, 769–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2007.05.011
Bohne, M., & Abendroth-smith, J. (2007). Effects of Hiking Downhill Using Trekking Poles while Carry-ing External Loads. 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000240328.31276.fc
Boudreau, P., & Gibbons, S. L. (2019). A Case Study of the Rock Climbing Self-Efficacy of High School Students. September 2019. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2019-V76-I4-8948
Bowen, D. J., & Neill, J. T. (2016). Effects of the PCYC Catalyst outdoor adventure intervention program on youths ’ life skills , mental health , and delinquent behaviour. International Journal of Adoles-cence and Youth, 21(1), 34–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2015.1027716
Bruner, M. W., Mclaren, C. D., Sutcliffe, J. T., Gardner, L. A., Lubans, D. R., Smith, J. J., Vella, S. A., Bruner, M. W., Mclaren, C. D., Sutcliffe, J. T., Lauren, A., Lubans, D. R., Smith, J. J., Vella, S. A., Bruner, M. W., & Lubans, D. R. (2021). The effect of sport-based interventions on positive youth development : a systematic review and development : a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Re-view of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 0(0), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1875496
Bull, F. C., Al-, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., Dipietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guide-lines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five ap-proaches. Sage publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Croft, J. L., Pepping, G., Button, C., & Chow, J. (2018). Journal of Experimental Child Children ’ s percep-tion of action boundaries and how it affects their climbing behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 166, 134–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.012
Coakley, J., & Coakley, J. (2014). Journal of Sport & Social Issues Youth Sports : What Counts as “ Posi-tive Development ?” August 2011. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723511417311
Côté, J., & Hancock, D. J. (n.d.). International Journal of Sport Policy Evidence-based policies for youth sport programmes. March 2015, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2014.919338
Dahl, R. E., Allen, N. B., Wilbrecht, L., & Suleiman, A. B. (2018). Perspective Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective. Nature Publishing Group, 554(7693), 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25770
Dettweiler, U., Becker, C., Auestad, B. H., Simon, P., & Kirsch, P. (n.d.). Stress in School . Some Empirical Hints on the Circadian Cortisol Rhythm of Children in Outdoor and Indoor Classes. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050475
Diaz-perez, J. C., Caballero-julia, D., & Cuellar-moreno, M. (2023). Revisión bibliográfica sobre la actividad física en el medio natural en Educación Física Bibliographic review on physical activity in the natural environment in physical education *Juan Carlos Diaz-Perez, **Daniel Caballero-Julia, *Maria Cuellar-Moreno. 2041.
Dimitrova, R., & Wiium, N. (2021). Handbook of Positive Youth Development.
Duell, N., & Steinberg, L. (2018). Positive Risk Taking in Adolescence. 0(0), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12310
Duffey, K., Barbosa, A., Whiting, S., & Mendes, R. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity Participation in Adolescent Girls : A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. 9(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.743935
Ewert, A., & Sibthorp, J. (2015). Early-Life Outdoor Experiences and Individual ’ s Environmental Atti-tudes This article was downloaded by : [ University of Utah ] Early-Life Outdoor Experiences and an Individual’s Environmental Attitudes. May 2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400590930853
Fraser-thomas, J. L., Côté, J., Deakin, J., Deakin, J., Fraser-thomas, J. L., & Co, Ã. J. (2007). Physical Educa-tion and Sport Pedagogy Youth sport programs : an avenue to foster positive youth develop-ment Youth sport programs : an avenue to foster positive youth development ˆ te. January 2013, 37–41.
Frühauf, A., Heußner, J., Niedermeier, M., & Kopp, M. (2021). Expert Views on Therapeutic Climbing - A Multi-Perspective , Qualitative Study.
Frühauf, A., Sagmeister, D., & Kopp, M. (2023). Barriers to and opportunities for integrating climbing in physical education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 00(00), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2023.2236255
Gehris, J., Myers, E., & Whitaker, R. (2012). Physical activity levels during adventure-physical education lessons. 18(2), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X12440365
Germinaro, K., Dunn, E., Polk, K. D., & Vries, H. G. De. (2021). Diversity in Outdoor Education : Discrep-ancies in SEL Across a School Overnight Program Diversity in Outdoor Education : Discrepan-cies in SEL Across a School Overnight Program. December. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259211040185
Goldy, S. P., & Piff, P. K. (2020). Toward a social ecology of prosociality: why, when, and where nature enhances social connection. In Current Opinion in Psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 27–31). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.016
Graham, S., Kiuhara, S. A., & Mackay, M. (2020). The Effects of Writing on Learning in Science , Social Studies , and Mathematics : A Meta-Analysis. XX(X), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654320914744
Hovey, K., Niland, D., & Foley, J. T. (2020). The impact of participation in an outdoor education program on physical education teacher education student self-efficacy to teach outdoor education. Jour-nal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0288
Karg, N., Dorscht, L., Kornhuber, J., & Luttenberger, K. (2020). Bouldering psychotherapy is more effec-tive in the treatment of depression than physical exercise alone : results of a multicentre ran-domised controlled intervention study. 1–13.
Kratzer, A., Luttenberger, K., Hefner, N. K., Weiss, M., & Dorscht, L. (2021). Bouldering psychotherapy is effective in enhancing perceived self ‑ efficacy in people with depression : results from a multi-center randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00627-1
Kwak, Y.K. (2019). A Phenomenological Study on Leisure Experience as Serious Leisure of the Sport Climbing Participants. J. Korean Wellness Soc, 14, 137–152
Laguna-mengíbar, D. (2025). Socioemotional learning in physical education , a systematic review in secondary school Aprendizaje socioemocional en educación física : una revisión sistemática en educación secundaria Authors How to cite in APA Keywords Resumen Palabras clave. 2025, 74–90.
Larson, W. (2000). Toward a Psychology of Positive Youth Development. 55(I), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X
Legge, M. (2016). The Possibilities of “ Doing ” Outdoor and / or Adventure Education in Physical Edu-cation / Teacher Education The Possibilities of “ Doing ” Outdoor and / or Adventure Education in Physical Education / Teacher Education. November. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0161
Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdottir, S., Naudeau, S., Jelicic, H., Alberts, A., Ma, L., Smith, L. M., Bobek, D. L., Richman-Raphael, D., Simpson, I., Christiansen, E. D. D., & Von Eye, A. (2005). Positive youth development, participation in community youth devel-opment programs, and community contributions of fifth-grade adolescents: Findings from the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. In Journal of Early Adolescence (Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 17–71). https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604272461
Lutter, C., Tischer, T., Hotfiel, T., Frank, L., Enz, A., Simon, M., & Schöffl, V. (2020). Current Trends in Sport Climbing Injuries after the Inclusion into the Olympic Program . Analysis of 633 Injuries within the years 2017 / 18. 10, 201–210. https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.02.2020.06
Mackenzie, S. H., Frühauf, A., Mackenzie, S. H., Boudreau, P., Hodge, K., Frühauf, A., Mackenzie, S. H., Boudreau, P., & Hodge, K. (2022). Multiple Motives for Adventure Sport Revisited : A Multi-Activity Multiple Motives for Adventure Sport Revisited : A Multi-Activity Investigation. Leisure Sciences, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2022.2126910
Mirrahmi, S. Z., Tawil, N. M., Abdullah, N. A. G., Surat, M., & Usman, I. M. S. (2011). Developing conducive sustainable outdoor learning: The impact of natural environment on learning, social and emo-tional intelligence. Procedia Engineering, 20, 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.181
Mygind, L., Kjeldsted, E., Hartmeyer, R., Mygind, E., Bølling, M., & Bentsen, P. (2019). Health & Place Mental , physical and social health benefits of immersive nature-experience for children and adolescents : A systematic review and quality assessment of the evidence. Health & Place, 58(May), 102136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.014
Oriel, K. N., Kanupka, J. W., Fuehrer, A. T., Klumpp, K. M., Stoltz, K. N., Willey, D. W., & Decvalcante, M. L. (2018). The impact of a rock climbing program for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study. International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education, 2(4), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/24711616.2018.1425601
Pgri, S. (2024). Outdoor education program reduces anxiety levels in Indonesian sports college students Un programa de educación al aire libre reduce los niveles de ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios de deportes de Indonesia. 2041, 21–26.
PP FPTI. (2017). Pelatihan Instruktur Panjat Tebing SMA/SMK untuk Cetak Atlet yang Berkualitas - FPTI - Federasi Panjat Tebing Indonesia.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being Self-Determination Theory. Ryan.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory : Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development and Wellness. The Guilford Press.
Reason, P., & Bradbury, H. (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of action research: Participative inquiry and prac-tice. sage.
Said-Metwaly, S., Noortgate, W. Van den, & Kyndt, E. (2017). Approaches to Measuring Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review. Creativity. Theories - Research - Applications, 4(2), 238–275. https://doi.org/10.1515/ctra-2017-0013
Samsudin, S., Fadilah, T., & Kamalden, T. (2019). Effectiveness of Outdoor Education Program on Phys-ical Education Student Resilience. 9(12), 218–229.
Sanchez, X., Torregrossa, M., Woodman, T., Jones, G., & Llewellyn, D. J. (2019). Identification of Parame-ters That Predict Sport Climbing Performance. 10(May), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01294
Shah, S. R., & Al-Bargi, A. (2013). Research Paradigms: Researchers' Worldviews, Theoretical Frame-works and Study Designs. Arab World English Journal, 4(4).
Schöf, V. R., Hoffmann, G., & Küpper, T. (2013). Acute Injury Risk and Severity in Indoor Climbing - A Prospective Analysis of 515 , 337 Indoor Climbing Wall Visits in 5 Years. 194, 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2013.03.020
Telama, R., Yang, X., Leskinen, E., Kankaanpaa, A., Hirvensalo, M., Tammelin, T., Viikari, J. S. A., Raitakari, O. T. (2014). Tracking of Physical Activity from Early Childhood through Youth into Adulthood. 955–962. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000181
Utepova, A., Aubakirova, S., & Kadyraliyeva, A. (2024). Improving youth well-being and social integration: the role of leisure in organized public spaces in Kazakhstan Mejorar el bienestar y la integración social de los jóvenes: el papel del ocio en los espacios públicos organizados en Kazajstán. 2041, 335–348.
Waid, J., & Uhrich, M. (2020). A Scoping Review of the Theory and Practice of Positive Youth Develop-ment. In British Journal of Social Work (Vol. 50, Issue 1, pp. 5–24). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy130
WHO. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva.
WHO. (2018). Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030 : more active people for a healthier world. Geneva.
Williams, A., & Wainwright, N. (2016). A new pedagogical model for adventure in the curriculum : part two – outlining the model. 8989(February). https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1048212
Williams, I. R., Rose, L. M., Olsson, C. A., Patton, G. C., & Allen, N. B. (2018). The impact of outdoor youth programs on positive adolescent development : Study protocol for a controlled crossover trial. International Journal of Educational Research, 87(November 2017), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.10.00
Zarrett, N., & Peltz, J. (2007). Sports and Youth Development Programs : Theoretical and Practical Im-plication of Early Adolescent Participation in Multiple Instances of Structured Out-of-School ( OST ) Activity.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ihsan, Amung Ma’mun, Nurlan Kusmaedi, Helmy Firmansyah, Rola Angga Lardika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
