Kinetic and kinematic analysis of advanced sprint training effects in school level sprinters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115664Keywords:
Advanced sprint training, kinetic and kinematic parameters, reaction time, acceleration, maximum Velocity, stride lengtAbstract
Background: Sprint performance improvements have been attributed mainly to scientific training advancements and technological innovations. Given sprinting's pivotal role in athletics, enhancing performance through structured training is crucial.
Objective: This study assessed the effects of a 12-week advanced sprint training program on kinetic (reaction time, acceleration) and kinematic (maximum velocity, stride length) parameters in adolescent male sprinters.
Methods: Fifty adolescent boys (aged 13–15 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 25) or control group (n = 25). The experimental group underwent a structured sprint training program incorporating resisted and non-resisted drills. The control group continued standard physical education. Pre-, mid-, and post-intervention data were collected using high-speed video analysis and electronic timing systems. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis, with significance set at p < .05. Effect sizes (partial η²) were reported.
Results: Significant improvements were observed in the experimental group: Reaction time improved by 25% (from M = 0.178 s to 0.134 s; F(2,48) = 11.66, p < .001, η² = .327). Acceleration improved by 9.3% (from M = 5.03 s to 4.56 s; F = 31.14, p < .001, η² = .565) Maximum velocity enhanced by 12.5% (from M = 8.21 s to 7.18 s; F = 101.21, p < .001, η² = .808) Stride length increased by 9.4% (from M = 1.74 m to 1.90 m; F = 6.28, p = .004, η² = .208) No significant changes were observed in the control group.
Conclusion: The advanced sprint training program significantly enhanced kinetic and kinematic sprint parameters among adolescent sprinters. Integrating scientifically designed sprint drills into school-level programs can accelerate performance gains and support long-term athletic development.
References
Behm, D. G., Faigenbaum, A. D., Falk, B., & Klentrou, P. (2008). Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position paper: Resistance training in children and adolescents. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33(3), 547–561. https://doi.org/10.1139/H08-020
Clark, K. P., & Weyand, P. G. (2014). Are running speeds maximized with simple-spring stance mechan-ics? Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(6), 604–615. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00174.2014
Delecluse, C. (2012). Influence of strength training on sprint running performance: Current findings and implications for training. Sports Medicine, 24(3), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199724030-00001
Faigenbaum, A. D., Kraemer, W. J., Blimkie, C. J., Jeffreys, I., Micheli, L. J., Nitka, M., & Rowland, T. W. (2009). Youth resistance training: Updated position statement paper from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(5), S60–S79. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819df407
Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., & Seiler, S. (2024). The evolution of sprint performance in elite athletes: Biomechanics and training practices. European Journal of Sport Science, 24(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2023.2234567
Heesch, Matthew W.S.; Slivka, Dustin R.. Running Performance, Pace Strategy, and Thermoregulation Differ Between a Treadmill and Indoor Track. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29(2):p 330-335, February 2015. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000662
Hewett, T. E., Myer, G. D., & Ford, K. R. (2006). Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 1, mechanisms and risk factors. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(2), 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505284183
Jakobsen, M. D., Sundstrup, E., Krustrup, P., Aagaard, P., & Andersen, L. L. (2012). The effect of speed and gradient on ground reaction force and strain of the Achilles tendon during running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 28(5), 668–674. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.5.668
Mackala, K., & Fostiak, M. (2015). Acute effects of plyometric intervention–Performance improvement and related physiological responses. Journal of Human Kinetics, 45(1), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0017
Nadim Abd, M., Al Eqabi, J. M. H., Alsaedi, H. R. R., Alfadhli, B. R. H., & Khlaifawi, M. M. F. (2025). The role of acceleration, peak velocity, and velocity endurance in sprint performance. Retos, 67, 1166–1176. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.115116
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Peña, J., Hernández, D., & Izquierdo, M. (2021). Strength training before peak height velocity improves physical performance in youth athletes: A meta-analysis. Retos, 39, 774–781. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v39i0.82694
Schache, A. G., Dorn, T. W., Wrigley, T. V., Brown, N. A., & Pandy, M. G. (2011). Stretch and activation of the human biarticular hamstrings across a range of running speeds. European Journal of Ap-plied Physiology, 111(11), 2813–2828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1876-4
Spinks, C. D., Murphy, A. J., Spinks, W. L., & Lockie, R. G. (2007). The effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration performance and kinematics in soccer, rugby union, and Australian football play-ers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(1), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19065.1
Vera-Assa, M., & García-Romero, J. C. (2022). Influencia del entrenamiento pliométrico sobre la longi-tud de zancada y frecuencia de zancada en atletas juveniles. Retos, 45, 511–517. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.91723
Weyand, P. G., Sternlight, D. B., Bellizzi, M. J., & Wright, S. (2000). Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements. Journal of Applied Physi-ology, 89(5), 1991–1999. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1991
Young, W. B. (2006). Transfer of strength and power training to sports performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1(2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.2.74
Book:
Balyi, I., & Hamilton, A. (2004). Long-Term Athlete Development: Trainability in childhood and adoles-cence. National Coaching Institute British Columbia and Advanced Training and Performance Ltd.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jonnada Rambabu, G. , G. Vinod Kumar , W. Vinu; Dilshith Azeezul Kabeer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
