Real-time augmented reality-enabled sports exercise monitoring system with personalized recommendations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117751Keywords:
Exercise monitoring, athlete motivation, augmented reality, pose estimation, motor learningAbstract
Introduction: the study examined the integration of augmented reality technologies with deep learning in sports exercise monitoring, emphasizing its importance for improving precision, accuracy of execution, and motivation in both professional and educational contexts.
Objective: the objective of the research was to develop and evaluate a real-time system for monitoring and classifying sports exercises with personalized recommendations. the scope included assessing the system’s effectiveness in improving exercise accuracy, learning retention, and participant motivation during pedagogical experiments.
Methodology: the system applied pose estimation, joint angle validation, and action classification using deep learning models integrated with augmented reality feedback. a controlled pedagogical experiment was carried out with two groups, one experimental group using the system and one control group with traditional instruction. data collection involved pre-tests, post-tests, delayed post-tests, and motivational questionnaires.
Results: the experimental group showed significant improvements in exercise accuracy, surpassing the control group’s performance. after two weeks, retention of correct technique remained higher, and participants reported increased interest, enjoyment, and perceived usefulness of training with the proposed system.
Discussion: the results were consistent with previous literature emphasizing the role of immersive and interactive technologies in improving motor learning and motivation. however, this research extended earlier findings by confirming that real-time augmented reality guidance enhances both technical performance and long-term retention of exercise skills.
Conclusions: the study concluded that the proposed system represents an effective and innovative pedagogical tool for advancing sports training, and its application should be expanded to broader educational and professional environments.
References
Soltanabadi, S., Minoonejad, H., Bayattork, M., & Seyedahmadi, M. (2023). Effect of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Training for Injury Prevention and Accelerating Rehabilitation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Athletes: A Scoping Review. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-139704
Usra, M., Lesmana, I. B., Octara, K., Bayu, W. I., Badau, A., Ishak, A., & Setiawan, E. (2024). Augmented reality training on combat sport: Improving the quality of physical fitness and technical per-formance of young athletes. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (54), 835-843. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103743
Alzahrani, A., & Ullah, A. (2024). Advanced biomechanical analytics: Wearable technologies for preci-sion health monitoring in sports performance. Digital Health, 10, 20552076241256745. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241256745
Subramanian, S. P., & Duraipandian, A. Ranking of Machine Learning Algorithms Used in Disease Predic-tion: A Review-based Approach, International Journal of Information Technology and Comput-er Science(IJITCS), Vol.16, No.6, pp.74-88, 2024. DOI:10.5815/ijitcs.2024.06.06
Qiu, Y., Guan, Y., & Liu, S. (2023). The analysis of infrared high-speed motion capture system on motion aesthetics of aerobics athletes under biomechanics analysis. Plos one, 18(5), e0286313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286313
Srivastava, P. K., Pandey, R. K., Srivastava, G. K., Anand, N., Krishna, K. R., Singhal, P., & Sharma, A. (2024). Intelligent Integration of Wearable Sensors and Artificial Intelligence for Real-time Ath-letic Performance Enhancement. Journal of Intelligent Systems & Internet of Things, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.130205
Kenjayeva, B., Kizdarbekova, M., & Azhibekova, Z. (2025). Exploring the effects of an immersive train-ing system on performance monitoring in basketball players. Retos: nuevas tendencias en edu-cación física, deporte y recreación, (65), 958-968. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.109387
Kabashkin, I., & Shoshin, L. (2024). Artificial intelligence of things as new paradigm in aviation health monitoring systems. Future Internet, 16(8), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16080276
Omarov, B., Batyrbekov, A., Dalbekova, K., Abdulkarimova, G., Berkimbaeva, S., Kenzhegulova, S., ... & Omarov, B. (2020, December). Electronic stethoscope for heartbeat abnormality detection. In International Conference on Smart Computing and Communication (pp. 248-258). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74717-6_26
Gallardo-Guerrero, A. M., Macia-Andreu, M. J., Gonzalez-Galvez, N., Vaquero-Cristobal, R., & Garcia-Tascon, M. (2025). Exploring the influence of the use of augmented reality for analyzing the safety of sport equipment in motivational climate, behaviors, and intention to use in a higher education context: a structural equation modelling approach. Education and Information Tech-nologies, 30(8), 11025-11045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13266-x
Ozturk, R. Y., Temel, N. C., Ermis, S. A., Toros, T., & Serin, E. (2025). The Use of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) Technologies in Sports Psychology: Effects on Performance, Motiva-tion and Psychological Recovery. Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade, 18(se3), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v18.nse3.44-52
Vaida, C., Rus, G., Tucan, P., Machado, J., Pisla, A., Zima, I., ... & Pisla, D. (2024). Enhancing Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using Augmented Reality and Serious Gaming. Applied Sci-ences, 14(24), 12029. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412029
Lin, T., Chen, Z., Beyer, J., Wu, Y., Pfister, H., & Yang, Y. (2023). The ball is in our court: Conducting visu-alization research with sports experts. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 43(1), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2022.3222042
Yang, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2025). Personalized Sports Health Recommendation System Assisted by Q-Learning Algorithm. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(4), 1889-1901. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2295693
Lei, H., Shan, X., & Jiang, L. (2022). Personalized item recommendation algorithm for outdoor sports. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022(1), 8282257. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8282257
Wackerhage, H., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2021). Personalized, evidence-informed training plans and exercise prescriptions for performance, fitness and health. Sports Medicine, 51(9), 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01495-w
Arega, A., & Sharma, D. P. (2024). Enhancing healthcare information systems in Ethiopian hospitals: exploring challenges and prospects of a cloud-based model for smart and sustainable infor-mation services. Int J Inform Technol Comput Sci, 16, 1-22. DOI:10.5815/ijitcs.2024.05.01
Liu, C., & Xie, Y. (2024). Innovative Application of Computer Vision and Motion Tracking Technology in Sports Training. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health & Technology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.4108/eetpht.10.5763
Solas-Martínez, J. L., Martínez-Redecillas, T., Rusillo-Magdaleno, A., & Ruiz-Ariza, A. (2024). The Gamifi-cation of Physical Education Using Augmented Reality Technology. In Augmented Reality Games II: The Gamification of Education, Medicine and Art (pp. 243-265). Cham: Springer In-ternational Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54475-0_12
Omarov, N., Omarov, B., Azhibekova, Z., & Omarov, B. (2024). Applying an augmented reality game-based learning environment in physical education classes to enhance sports motivation. Retos, 60, 269-278. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109170
Garg, H., & Somkuwar, V. U. (2023). AR/VR telehealth platforms for remote procedural training. In Ex-tended Reality for Healthcare Systems (pp. 127-143). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-98381-5.00002-7
Nickel, F., Cizmic, A., & Chand, M. (2022). Telestration and augmented reality in minimally invasive surgery: an invaluable tool in the age of COVID-19 for remote proctoring and telementoring. JAMA surgery, 157(2), 169-170. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2021.3604
Omarov, B., Omarov, B., Rakhymzhanov, A., Niyazov, A., Sultan, D., & Baikuvekov, M. (2024). Develop-ment of an artificial intelligence-enabled non-invasive digital stethoscope for monitoring the heart condition of athletes in real-time. Retos, 60, 1169-1180. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108633
Duan, C., Hu, B., Liu, W., & Song, J. (2023). Motion capture for sporting events based on graph convolu-tional neural networks and single target pose estimation algorithms. Applied Sciences, 13(13), 7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137611
Xu, P., Zhou, J., Chen, Z. D., Yang, X., Yan, H., Vasić, Ž. L., ... & Gao, Y. (2024). Advancements and challeng-es in electrical impedance myography (EIM): A comprehensive overview of technology devel-opment, applications in sports health, and future directions. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, 4(4), 605-625. https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3427710
Doyle, E. W., Doyle, T. L., Bonacci, J., & Fuller, J. T. (2025). Sensor location influences the associations between IMU and motion capture measurements of impact landing in healthy male and female runners at multiple running speeds. Sports Biomechanics, 24(6), 1514-1528. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2023.2298954
Li, X., Fan, D., Deng, Y., Lei, Y., & Omalley, O. (2024). Sensor fusion-based virtual reality for enhanced physical training. Robotic Intelligence and Automation, 44(1), 48-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIA-08-2023-0103
Westmattelmann, D., Grotenhermen, J. G., Sprenger, M., Rand, W., & Schewe, G. (2021). Apart we ride together: The motivations behind users of mixed-reality sports. Journal of Business Research, 134, 316-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.044
Aju, A., Mathew, C., & Prakasi, O. S. (2022). PoseNet based model for estimation of karate poses. Journal of Innovative Image Processing, 4(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2022.1.002
Nithisha J., J. Visumathi, R. Rajalakshmi, D. Suseela, V. Sudha, Abhishek Choubey, Yousef Farhaoui, "Fuzzy Hybrid Meta-optimized Learning-based Medical Image Segmentation System for En-hanced Diagnosis", International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Sci-ence(IJITCS), Vol.17, No.1, pp.47-66, 2025. DOI:10.5815/ijitcs.2025.01.04
Klochko, O. V., & Fedorets, V. M. (2022). Using immersive reality technologies to increase a physical education teacher's health-preserving competency. Educational Technology Quarterly, 2022(4), 276-306. https://doi.org/10.55056/etq.431
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maigul Zhekambayeva, Perizat Akylzhan, Aruzhan Nazarova, Gulbakhar Yussupova, Ersayin Mailybayev, Nazbek Katayev
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
