Validity and reliability of the short-form of the assessment battery for children-second edition (MABC-2-SF) in Spanish children aged 4-7 years
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.110928Keywords:
motor competence; motor skills; motor skills disorders; children; short form.Abstract
Background. Adequate motor competence during childhood influences physical activity, fitness, and overall development, highlighting the importance of early screening. Despite the lack of a universal assessment tool, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-second edition (MABC-2) is widely used but time-consuming.
Aims. This cross-sectional study of 147 Spanish children aged 4-7 years (age 5.41±0.55; 47.62% girls; ethnicity white) aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-second edition short-form (MABC-2-SF) in children.
Methods and procedures. The validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity analysis, and reliability was assessed by concordance and test performance analysis.
Outcomes and results. The results showed that the MABC-2-SF, which consisted of three subtests, is valid, reliable and useful for pre-screening Spanish children’s motor competence aged 4-7 with a 94.16% probability of pre-screening children who are not at risk for developmental motor coordination disorder.
Conclusions and implications. The MABC-2-SF allows pre-screening children’s motor competence in a more adjusted cost-efficient way of collecting extensive sample data that could facilitate mass pre-screening tests, benefiting clinicians, educators, and researchers working with young children.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Barnett, A. L., & Henderson, S. E. (1998). An annotated bibliography of studies using the TOMI/MOVEMENT ABC: 1984-1996. The Psychological Corporation.
Barnett, L. M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P. J., Brooks, L. O., & Beard, J. R. (2009). Childhood Motor Skill Proficiency as a Predictor of Adolescent Physical Activity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(3), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.004
Blair, S. N. (2009). Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(1), 1 LP – 2. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/1/1.abstract
Blank, R., Barnett, A. L., Cairney, J., Green, D., Kirby, A., Polatajko, H., Rosenblum, S., Smits‐Engelsman, B., Sugden, D., Wilson, P., & Vinçon, S. (2019). International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 61(3), 242–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14132
Blank, R., Smits-Engelsman, B., Polatajko, H., & Wilson, P. (2012). European Academy for Childhood Disability (EACD): Recommendations on the definition, diagnosis and intervention of developmental coordination disorder (long version)*. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 54(1), 54–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04171.x
Brennan, P., & Silman, A. (1992). Statistical methods for assessing observer variability in clinical measures. BMJ, 304(6840), 1491–1494. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.304.6840.1491
Cairney, J., Hay, J., Faught, B. E., Corna, L. M., & Flouris, A. D. (2006). Developmental Coordination Disorder, Age and Play: A Test of the Divergence in Activity-Deficit with Age Hypothesis. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 23(3), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.23.3.261
Cameron, C. E., Cottone, E. A., Murrah, W. M., & Grissmer, D. W. (2016). How Are Motor Skills Linked to Children’s School Performance and Academic Achievement? Child Development Perspectives, 10(2), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12168
Cattuzzo, M. T., dos Santos Henrique, R., Ré, A. H. N., de Oliveira, I. S., Melo, B. M., de Sousa Moura, M., de Araújo, R. C., & Stodden, D. (2016). Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.004
Chilet-Rosell, E., Álvarez-Dardet, C., & Domingo-Salvany, A. (2012). Use of Spanish proposals for measuring social class in health sciences. Gaceta Sanitaria, 26(6), 566–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.10.014
Clark, A., Jit, M., Warren-Gash, C., Guthrie, B., Wang, H. H. X., Mercer, S. W., Sanderson, C., McKee, M., Troeger, C., Ong, K. L., Checchi, F., Perel, P., Joseph, S., Gibbs, H. P., Banerjee, A., Eggo, R. M., Nightingale, E. S., O’Reilly, K., Jombart, T., … Jarvis, C. I. (2020). Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. The Lancet Global Health, 8(8), e1003–e1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30264-3
Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46.
Cools, W., Martelaer, K., Samaey, C., & Andries, C. (2009). Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8 2, 154–168.
Eddy, L. H., Bingham, D. D., Crossley, K. L., Shahid, N. F., Ellingham-Khan, M., Otteslev, A., Figueredo, N. S., Mon-Williams, M., & Hill, L. J. B. (2020). The validity and reliability of observational assessment tools available to measure fundamental movement skills in school-age children: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 15(8), e0237919. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237919
Emck, C., Bosscher, R., Beek, P., & Doreleijers, T. (2009). Gross motor performance and self-perceived motor competence in children with emotional, behavioural, and pervasive developmental disorders: a review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(7), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03337.x
Ensrud, K. E., & Taylor, B. C. (2013). Epidemiologic Methods in Studies of Osteoporosis. In Osteoporosis (pp. 539–561). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415853-5.00024-8
Estevan, I., Molina-García, J., Queralt, A., Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., & Barnett, L. (2017). Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Test of Gross Motor Development–3. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0045
Graupera, J., & Ruiz, L. (2012). Batería de Evaluación del Movimiento para niños-2 (MABC-2). Adaptación española. Pearson Clinical & Talent Assessment.
Henderson, S. E., Sudgen, D. A., & Barnett, A. (2007a). Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Examiner’s Manual. Harcourt Assessment.
Henderson, S. E., Sudgen, D. A., & Barnett, A. (2007b). Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Second Edition (Movement ABC-2). The Psychological Corporation.
Jaakkola, T., Yli-Piipari, S., Huotari, P., Watt, A., & Liukkonen, J. (2016). Fundamental movement skills and physical fitness as predictors of physical activity: A 6-year follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12407
Karras, H. C., Morin, D. N., Gill, K., Izadi-Najafabadi, S., & Zwicker, J. G. (2019). Health-related quality of life of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 84(June 2018), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.05.012
Lopes, L., Santos, R., Coelho-e-Silva, M., Draper, C., Mota, J., Jidovtseff, B., Clark, C., Schmidt, M., Morgan, P., Duncan, M., O’Brien, W., Bentsen, P., D’Hondt, E., Houwen, S., Stratton, G., De Martelaer, K., Scheuer, C., Herrmann, C., García-Hermoso, A., … Agostinis-Sobrinho, C. (2020). A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010018
Lopes, V. P., Maia, J. A. R., Rodrigues, L. P., & Malina, R. (2012). Motor coordination, physical activity and fitness as predictors of longitudinal change in adiposity during childhood. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(4), 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2011.566368
Poulsen, A. A., Ziviani, J. M., Johnson, H., & Cuskelly, M. (2008). Loneliness and life satisfaction of boys with developmental coordination disorder: The impact of leisure participation and perceived freedom in leisure. Human Movement Science, 27(2), 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2008.02.004
Raz-Silbiger, S., Lifshitz, N., Katz, N., Steinhart, S., Cermak, S. A., & Weintraub, N. (2015). Relationship between motor skills, participation in leisure activities and quality of life of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Temporal aspects. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.012
Rivilis, I., Hay, J., Cairney, J., Klentrou, P., Liu, J., & Faught, B. E. (2011). Physical activity and fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(3), 894–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.017
Ruiz, J., España, V., Castro, J., Artero, E., Ortega, F., García, M., Chillón, P., Girela, M., Mora, J., Suni, J., Sjöstrom, M., & Castillo, M. (2011). Alpha-Fitness test Battery: Health-related field-based fitness tests assessment in children and adolescents. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 26(6), 1210–1215. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2011.26.6.5270
Sánchez-López, M., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., del Campo, D. G.-D., Silva, P., Martínez-Andrés, M., Gulías-González, R., Díez-Fernández, A., Franquelo-Morales, P., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2015). Physical activity intervention (Movi-Kids) on improving academic achievement and adiposity in preschoolers with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0992-7
Sartori, R. F., Valentini, N. C., & Fonseca, R. P. (2020). Executive function in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A comparative study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 46(3), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12734
Scheuer, C., Herrmann, C., & Bund, A. (2019). Motor tests for primary school aged children: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(10), 1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1544535
van der Fels, I. M., Te Wierike, S. C., Hartman, E., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Smith, J., & Visscher, C. (2015). The relationship between motor skills and cognitive skills in 4–16 year old typically developing children: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(6), 697–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.007
World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/
Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Dorn, J. M., Jones, K. E., & Kondilis, V. A. (2006). The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Physical Activity in Children. PEDIATRICS, 118(6), e1758–e1765. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0742
Wuang, Y.-P., Wang, C.-C., & Huang, M.-H. (2012). Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and Their Parents. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 32(4), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20120607-03
Youden, W. J. (1950). Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer, 3(1), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3
Yuste, C. (2008a). Batería de Aptitudes Diferenciales y Generales. BADyG E1. CEPE.
Yuste, C. (2008b). Batería de Aptitudes Diferenciales y Generales. BADyG Infantil. CEPE.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrés Redondo Tébar, Luis Lopes, Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino, David Gutierrez, Andrea Hernández-Martínez, Yolanda Sánchez-Matas, Mairena Sanchez-Lopez

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.