Effects of 8 weeks in-season flywheel training on physical performance in female soccer players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.111034Keywords:
Change of direction, eccentric training, rotary inertia devices, unilateral deficitAbstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of an 8 weeks in-season Rotary inertia devices (RID) training program on change of direction (COD) performance and on reduce the unilateral deficit between legs in semi-professional female soccer players.
Methodology: 32 semi-professional female soccer players were divided into an experimental group (EG, n=16) and in a control group (CG, n=16). All the players participated in 3 specific soccer training sessions per week lasting an hour and a half, to which was added the weekly match league competition. The GE performed two training sessions per week with rotary inertia devices, while the CG did not perform any additional resistance training program during the 8 weeks that the work lasted.
Results: Time in the V-cut test, 10m and 20m curved sprints to the right (CSHr and CSFr, respectivelly), and to the left (CSHl and CSFl, respectivelly), time in 10 m (T10) and 20 m (T20) linear sprint test, the time difference between CSHr-CSHl and between CSHr-CSHl, were assessed. There is a significant reduction in the unilateral CSHr-CSHl deficit of the EG with respect to the CG (p-value=0.015; SE=0.375).
Conclusions: In conclusion, the use of this type of exercises carried out with rotary inertia resistance (frontal movements and lateral movements with rotary inertia devices) have achieved the balance of the unilateral deficit in a curved sprint task during 8 weeks of training in a group of semi-professional female soccer players.
References
Ascenzi G, Filetti C, Di Salvo V, Núñez FJ,Suarez-Arrones L, Ruscello B, et al. (2022) Inter-limb asym-metry in youth elite soccer players:Effect of loading conditions. PLoS ONE 17(6): e0269695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269695
Askling, C., Karlsson, J., & Thorstensson, A. (2003). Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric overload. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 13(4), 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.00312.x
Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O’Donoghue, P. (2007). Physical Demands of Different Positions in FA Premier League Soccer. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6(1): 63–70.
Brughelli, M., Cronin, J. B., Levin, G., & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding Change of Direction Ability in Sport. Sports Medicine, 38(12), 1045-1063. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00007
Buchheit, M., Samozino, P., Glynn, J. A., Michael, B., Haddad, H. A., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Morin, J. (2014). Mechanical determinants of acceleration and maximal sprinting speed in highly trained young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1906-1913. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.965191
Caldbeck, P (2019). Contextual sprinting in premier league football. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de John Moores, Liverpool.
Chaabene, H., Prieske, O., Negra, Y., & Granacher, U. (2018). Change of Direction Speed: Toward a Strength Training Approach with Accentuated Eccentric Muscle Actions. Sports Medi-cine, 48(8), 1773-1779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0907-3
Christou, M., Smilios, I., Sotiropoulos, K., Volaklis, K. A., Pilianidis, T., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2006). Effects of Resistance Training on the Physical Capacities of Adolescent Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 783–791. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-17254.1
Coratella, G., Beato, M., & Schena, F. (2018). Correlation between quadriceps and hamstrings inter-limb strength asymmetry with change of direction and sprint in U21 elite soccer-players. Human Movement Science, 59, 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2018.03.016
Croisier, J.-L., Ganteaume, S., Binet, J., Genty, M., & Ferret, J.-M. (2008). Strength imbalances and preven-tion of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study: A prospective study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(8), 1469–1475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316764
de Hoyo, M., De la Torre, A., Pradas, F., Sañudo, B., Carrasco, L., Mateo-Cortes, J., Domínguez-Cobo, S., Fernandes, O., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2015). Effects of Eccentric Overload Bout on Change of Di-rection and Performance in Soccer Players. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, 36(04), 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1395521
de Hoyo, M., Pozzo, M., Sañudo, B., Carrasco, L., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Domínguez-Cobo, S., & Morán-Camacho, E. (2015). Effects of a 10-week in-season eccentric-overload training program on muscle-injury prevention and performance in junior elite soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0547
Donelon, T. A., Edwards, J., Brown, M., Jones, P. A., O’Driscoll, J., & Dos’Santos, T. (2024). Differences in biomechanical determinants of ACL injury risk in change of direction tasks between males and females: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 10(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00701-z
Faude, O., Koch, T., & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 625-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.665940
Fílter, A., Beltrán-Garrido, V., Dos’Santos, T., Romero-Rodríguez, D., Requena, B., Loturco, I., & Madruga-Parera, M. (2021). The Relationship Between Performance and Asymmetries in Different Mul-tidirectional Sprint Tests in Soccer Players. Journal Of Human Kinetics, 79, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0069
Fílter, A., Olivares-Jabalera, J., Santalla, A., Clemente, F. M., Loturco, I., & Requena, B. (2020). New curve sprint test for soccer players: Reliability and relationship with linear sprint. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11-12), 1320-1325. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1677391
Fílter, A., Olivares-Jabalera, J., Santalla, A., Morente-Sánchez, J., Rodríguez, J. R., Requena, B., & Loturco, I. (2020). Curve Sprinting in Soccer: Kinematic and Neuromuscular Analysis. International Jour-nal of Sports Medicine, 41(11):744-750. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1144-3175
Fitzpatrick JF, Linsley A, Musham C. (2019). Running the curve: A preliminary investigation into curved sprinting during football match-play. Sport Performance & Science Reports 55: 1–3.
Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2015). La velocidad en el cambio de dirección en los deportes de equipo: evaluación, especificidad y entrenamiento. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza.
Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Valero-Campo, C., Berzosa, C., Bataller, A. V., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Mo-ras, G., & Mendez Villanueva, A. (2017). Eccentric-overload training in team-sport functional performance: Constant bilateral vertical versus variable unilateral multidirectional move-ments. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(7), 951–958. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0251
Hart, N. H., Newton, R. U., Weber, J. D., Spiteri, T., Rantalainen, T., Dobbin, M., & Newton, R. U. (2016). Musculoskeletal Asymmetry in Football Athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(7), 1379-1387. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000897
Haugen, T. A., Tonnessen, E., Hisdal, J., & Seiler, S. (2014). The Role and Development of Sprinting Speed in Soccer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0121
Jones, P., Thomas, C., Dos’Santos, T., McMahon, J., & Graham-Smith, P. (2017). The Role of Eccentric Strength in 180° Turns in Female Soccer Players. Sports, 5(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5020042
Kobal, R., Freitas, T. T., Fílter, A., Requena, B., Barroso, R., Rossetti, M., Jorge, R. M., Carvalho, L., Pereira, L. A., & Loturco, I. (2021). Curve Sprint in Elite Female Soccer Players: Relationship with Linear Sprint and Jump Performance. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 18(5), 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052306
Larruskain, J., Lekue, J. A., Diaz, N., Odriozola, A., & Gil, S. M. (2017). A comparison of injuries in elite male and female football players: a five‐season prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(1), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12860
Lockie, R. G., Callaghan, S. J., Berry, S., Cooke, E., Jordan, C. A., Luczo, T. M., & Jeffriess, M. D. (2014). Rela-tionship Between Unilateral Jumping Ability and Asymmetry on Multidirectional Speed in Team-Sport Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(12), 3557-3566. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000588
Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Fílter, A., Olivares-Jabalera, J., Reis, V. P., Fernandes, V., Freitas, T. T., & Reque-na, B. (2020). Curve sprinting in soccer: relationship with linear sprints and vertical jump per-formance. Biology Of Sport, 37(3), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96271
Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Moraes, J. C. F., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., Kobal, R., & Clemente, F. M. (2017). Jump-Squat and Half-Squat Exercises: Selective Influences on Speed-Power Performance of Elite Rugby Sevens Players. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0170627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170627
Mancini, S. L., Dickin, D. C., Hankemeier, D. A., Rolston, L., & Wang, H. E. (2021). Risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in female soccer athletes: a review. Journal of orthopedics and orthopedic sur-gery, 2(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.29245/2767-5130/2021/1.1128
Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000071182
Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Andersson, H., Kirkendal, D. & Bangsbo, J. (2008). Match activities of elite wom-en soccer players at different performance levels. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Re-search, 22(2), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318165fef6
Mujika, I., Santisteban, J., Impellizzeri, F. M., & Castagna, C. (2009). Fitness determinants of success in men's and women's soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 107–114. doi:10.1080/02640410802428071
Norrbrand, L, Fluckey, JD, Pozzo, M, & Tesch, PA. (2008) Resistance training using eccentric overload induces early adaptations in skeletal muscle size. European Journal of Applied Physiology 102: 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0583-8
Núñez, F. J., & De Villarreal, E. S. (2017). Does Flywheel Paradigm Training Improve Muscle Volume and Force? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(11), 3177-3186. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002095
Núñez, F. J., Galiano, C., Muñoz-López, A., & Floria, P. (2020). Is possible an eccentric overload in a rota-ry inertia device? Comparison of force profile in a cylinder-shaped and a cone-shaped axis de-vices. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 38(14), 1624-1628. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1754111
Núñez, F. J., Santalla, A., Carrasquila, I., Reina, J., & Suarez-Arrones, L. (2018). The effects of unilateral and bilateral eccentric overload training on hypertrophy, muscle power and COD performance, and its determinants, in team sport players. Plos One, 13(3), e0193841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193841
Núñez, J. F., Fernandez, I., Torres, A., García, S., Manzanet, P., Casani, P., & Suarez-Arrones, L. (2020). Strength Conditioning Program to Prevent Adductor Muscle Strains in Football: Does it Really Help Professional Football Players? International Journal Of Environmental Research And Pub-lic Health, 17(17), 6408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176408
Okholm Kryger, K., Wang, A., Mehta, R., Impellizzeri, F. M., Massey, A., & McCall, A. (2022). Research on women’s football: a scoping review. Science and Medicine in Football, 6(5), 549–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1868560
Pecci, J., Muñoz-López, A., Jones, P., & Sañudo, B. (2022). Effects of 6 weeks in-season flywheel squat resistance training on strength, vertical jump, change of direction and sprint performance in professional female soccer players. Biology Of Sport, 40(2), 521-529. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.118022
Reilly, T. (2003). Motion analysis and physiological demands. Science and soccer, 67-80.
Romero Boza, S., Feria Madueño, A., Sañudo Corrales, B., De Hoyo Lora, M., & Del Ojo López, J. J. (2015). Efectos de entrenamiento de fuerza en sistema isoinercial sobre la mejora del CMJ en jóvenes futbolistas de elite (Effects of strength training using a isoinertial device on jump ability in young elite soccer players). Retos, 26, 180–182. doi:10.47197/retos.v0i26.34464
Romero, J. V., Núñez-González, J. L., Barrero, C. V., Abad, F. H., & Núñez, F. J. (2024). The Effects of Fly-wheel Training with a Portable Device on Physical Performance in Soccer Players. Applied Sciences, 14(24), 11857. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411857
Sánchez-López, S., López-Sagarra, A., Ortega-Becerra, M., Jiménez-Reyes, P., & Rodríguez-Pérez, M. A. (2023). Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players: Comparison Based on Horizontal Force–Velocity Profile. Applied Sciences, 13(23), 12809. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312809
Shalfawi, S. A., Haugen, T., Jakobsen, T. A., Enoksen, E., & Tønnessen, E. (2013). The effect of combined resisted agility and repeated sprint training vs. strength training on female elite soccer play-ers. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 27(11), 2966–2972. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828c2889
Tous-Fajardo, J., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., & Tesch, P. (2016). Enhancing Change-of-Direction Speed in Soccer Players by Functional Inertial Eccentric Overload and Vibration Training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(1), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0010
Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, W., Fu, H., Zhang, M., & Fan, Y. (2024). The effect of flywheel complex training with eccentric-overload on muscular adaptation in elite female volleyball players. PeerJ, 12, e17079. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17079
Young, W. B., Mcdowell, M., & Scarlett, B. J. (2001). Specificity of Sprint and Agility Training Methods. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(3), 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015<0315:sosaat>2.0.co;2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Javier Antonio González Alcántara, Juan Luis Núñez González, Carlos Valenzuela Barrero, Francisco Javier Núñez Sánchez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
