Impacto do treino físico na fração de ejeção e no Vo2máx em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca: revisão sistemática e meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.110423Palavras-chave:
Treino físico, reabilitação cardíaca, remodelação ventricular, risco cardiovascular, insuficiência cardíacaResumo
Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma doença grave que compromete a capacidade do coração para bombear sangue, gerando morbilidade e mortalidade significativas. Um componente crítico na progressão da IC é a remodelação do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), que deteriora ainda mais a função cardíaca. Objectivos: Avaliar o impacto do treino físico resistido na remodelação do VE em doentes com IC.
Metodologia: foi realizada uma pesquisa exaustiva de estudos em bases de dados como a PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane e Web of Science, abrangendo o período compreendido entre 2010 e 2024. Foram selecionados 20 estudos focados em programas de treino de força e resistência, cujo objetivo foi analisar o efeito na fração de ejeção (FE) e no consumo máximo de oxigénio (Vo2máx). A amostra total incluiu 450 doentes com diagnóstico de IC, idade média de 60 anos (variação: 45-75 anos).
Resultados: Os resultados descrevem que o treino intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) melhorou significativamente a aptidão cardiorrespiratória, superando o treino contínuo moderado (MCT) em termos de Vo2max (d de Cohen = 0,27, p = 0,02). Em relação à FEVE, tanto o HIIT (d = -5,64, p < 0,001) como o MCT (d = -6,49) produzem melhorias significativas, embora se observe uma elevada heterogeneidade nos resultados (I² > 98%).
Conclusões: tanto o HIIT como o MCT são intervenções eficazes para melhorar a função cardíaca em doentes com IC, destacando-se o HIIT na otimização da capacidade cardiorrespiratória e o MCT pela sua acessibilidade em populações menos treinadas.
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