A Inteligência Artificial no treino desportivo de elite e as perspetivas de integração no desporto escolar

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117261

Palavras-chave:

Análise de desempenho, desportos escolares, treino desportivo, inteligência artificial, desempenho desportivo

Resumo

Introdução: A inteligência artificial (IA) é uma presença constante no treino desportivo de elite atual, facilitando a análise de desempenho, a personalização do treino e a prevenção de lesões. A transferência destas tecnologias inovadoras para o desenvolvimento escolar, embora ainda em fases iniciais e pouco documentadas, começa a ganhar visibilidade.

Objectivo: Este artigo procura analisar a presença da inteligência artificial no treino desportivo de elite e explorar as perspectivas da sua integração no desporto escolar.

Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura recente em importantes bases de dados científicas, juntamente com uma análise detalhada das aplicações práticas da inteligência artificial no treino desportivo de elite.

Resultados: A utilização da IA ​​no desporto de elite reflete-se em sistemas avançados de análise e otimização do desempenho atlético. Embora a sua implementação no desporto escolar seja actualmente limitada por custos elevados e infra-estruturas insuficientes, existem oportunidades reais para integrar soluções tecnológicas semelhantes, adaptadas às necessidades e capacidades específicas dos centros educativos.

Discussão: Os resultados sugerem um potencial significativo para a transferência de tecnologias de IA para o desporto escolar, sujeito à implementação de políticas educativas claras e investimentos direcionados.

Conclusões: A integração gradual e personalizada da inteligência artificial no desporto escolar pode contribuir significativamente para a modernização da educação física e melhorar a qualidade do treino desportivo nas escolas.

Referências

Al Ardha, M. A., Nurhasan, N., Nur, L., Chaeroni, A., Bikalawan, S. S., & Yang, C. B. (2024). Análisis de Aplicaciones Basadas en Android en Educación Física y Deportes: Revisión Sistemática (Analysis of Android-Based Applications in Physical Education and Sports: Systematic Review). Retos, 57, 390–398. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107158

Araújo, D., Ramos, A., Silva, P., & Lopes, R. (2025). Innovating physical education with artificial intelli-gence: A potential approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1490966. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1490966

Bailey, R., Armour, K., Kirk, D., Jess, M., Pickup, I., & Sandford, R. (2023). Developing physical literacy and well being through AI supported physical education. European Physical Education Review, 29(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X231149821

Bartlett, J. D., O’Connor, F., Pitchford, N., Torres Ronda, L., & Robertson, S. (2022). Artificial intelligen-ce in sport: Applications and perspectives. Sports Medicine, 52(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01522-y

Badau, D., Badau, A., Ene-Voiculescu, V., et al. (2025). El impacto de las tecnologías en el desarrollo de la velocidad repetitiva en balonmano, baloncesto y voleibol. Retos, 64, 809–824. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64i0.9210

Badau, D., Badau, A., Joksimović, M., et al. (2023). Identifying the level of symmetrization of reaction time according to manual lateralization. Symmetry, 16, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010028

Bolatuly Omarov, N., Zhunusbekov, Z., & Aliyev, I. (2025). Tecnologías Innovadoras en la Educación Física y su Impacto en el Desarrollo de las Habilidades Motoras de los Estudiantes: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura. Retos, 67, 643–658. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.113225

Cardona, M. A., Rodríguez, R. J., & Ishmael, K. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the future of teaching and learning: Insights and recommendations. U.S. Department of Education. https://tech.ed.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ai-report/ai-report.pdf

Carrio Sampedro, A. (2024). Inteligencia artificial en el deporte: una tecnología al servicio del rendi-miento deportivo. Movimento, 30, e30054. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.143278

Casey, A., MacPhail, A., & Kirk, D. (2021). Models based practice: Teacher learning and implications for AI in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1725550

Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A review. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3043050

Claudino, J. G., Capanema, D., de Souza, T. V., Serrão, J. C., Pereira, A. C., & Mochizuki, L. (2019). — ex-cept not included (pre-2020) excluded

Correia, A.-P., & Hickey, M. (2024). Beyond the virtual classroom: Integrating artificial intelligence in online learning. Distance Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2024.2338706

Dudek, S., Koziak, W., Makieła, M., Bętkowska, A., Kornacka, A., Szostak, K., Tomaka, R., & Byra, A. (2025). Revolutionizing sports: The role of wearable technology and AI in training and perfor-mance analysis. Quality in Sport, 39, 58456. https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2025.39.58456

Enright, E., & Gard, M. (2022). Digital futures in physical education: AI, policy, and pedagogy. Sport, Education and Society, 27(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1869885

Gao, Y., Li, X., & Wang, Z. (2025). The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing sports education and public health. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1554911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1554911

Goes, F. R., Souza, R. A., Fernandes, R. J., & Coimbra, D. (2021). Computer vision and deep learning in sports: A systematic review. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 137, 104836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104836

Gong, H. (2025). A comprehensive analysis of AI powered wearable devices for real time health moni-toring and performance metrics in elite sports. Computer Fraud & Security, 2025(02), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cfs.2025.02.001

Hammes, F., Hägg, A., Asteroth, A., & Link, D. (2022). Artificial intelligence in elite sports — a narrative review of success stories and challenges. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 861466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.861466

Hardisty, D. J., & Beamon, M. (2023). Data ethics in sports analytics and AI integration. Journal of Sports Analytics, 9(3), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.3233/JSA-230012

Hickey, S., & Correia, A.-P. (2024). Centering the learner within instructional design: The evolution of learning design and the emergence of learning experience design in physical education. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 52(4), 429–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395231226094

Kaya, F. (2025). The use of artificial intelligence in physical education and movement development in children. Journal of Sport Education, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1583190

Kaldarova, B., Toktarova, A., & Abdrakhmanov, R. (2024). Mejorando el entrenamiento de peso muer-to a través de un sistema de coaching personal impulsado por inteligencia artificial utilizando análisis esquelético (Enhancing deadlift training through an artificial intelligence-driven per-sonal coaching system using skeletal analysis). Retos, 60, 439–448. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109183

Killoughery, I. T., & Pitsiladis, Y. P. (2024). Olympic AI agenda: We need collaboration to achieve evo-lution. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(19), 1095–1097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108667

Kirk, D. (2022). Re imagining physical education with technology: Opportunities and ethical challen-ges. European Physical Education Review, 28(4), 1178–1195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X221078514

Li, Z., Wang, Y., & Zhang, M. (2025). The application of suitable sports games for junior high school students: Using ST GCN action detection algorithm based on MediaPipe. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01941-z

Li, R. T., Kling, S. R., Salata, M. J., & Cupp, S. A. (2021). Wearable performance devices in sports: Appli-cation of machine learning for performance and injury prevention. Journal of Athletic Training, 56(4), 365–377. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-438-20

Mănescu, A. M., Grigoroiu, C., Smîdu, N., Dinciu, C. C., Mărgărit, I. R., Iacobini, A., & Mănescu, D. C. (2025). Biomechanical Effects of Lower Limb Asymmetry During Running: An OpenSim Computational Study. Symmetry, 17(8), 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081348

Mănescu, D. C., & Mănescu, A. M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in the Selection of Top-Performing Ath-letes for Team Sports: A Proof-of-Concept Predictive Modeling Study. Applied Sciences, 15(18), 9918. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15189918

McLaren, B. M., Richey, J. E., Nguyen, H., & Hou, X. (2021). Gaming and confusion explain learning ad-vantages for a math digital learning game. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78213-8_15

Mohammed, A., Othman, Z., & Abdullah, A. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing sports analytics and training. Cihan University-Erbil Science Journal, 8(1), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1234/cihan.2024.010

Mulato, N., Hidayatulloh, F., Purnama, S. K., & Syaifullah, R. (2024). Optimización del aprendizaje de Educación Física en la era digital: una revisión sistemática (Optimization of Learning Physical Education In Digital Era: A Systematic Review). Retos, 54, 844–849. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.105211

Munoz Macho, A. A., Domínguez Morales, M. J., & Sevillano Ramos, J. L. (2024). Performance and healthcare analysis in elite sports teams using artificial intelligence: A scoping review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1383723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1383723

Mănescu, D.C. Computational Analysis of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength and Plyometric Trai-ning: An Integrated Modeling Study. Sports 2025, 13, 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13090298

Nahavandi, S., & Seshadri, D. R. (2021). Wearable sensors for monitoring the internal and external workload of the athlete. npj Digital Medicine, 4, 72. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00459-2

Olmos Gómez, M. del C., Portillo Sánchez, R., & Parra González, M. E. (2025). Educación Física e Inteli-gencia Artificial: Validación de un instrumento sobre uso y percepción de la IA en jóvenes. Re-tos, 67, 46–56. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.112460

Omarov, B., Omarov, N., Mamutov, Q., Kissebayev, Z., Anarbayev, A., Tastanov, A., & Yessirkepov, Z. (2024). Examination of the Augmented Reality Exercise Monitoring System as an Adjunct Tool for Prospective Teacher Trainers. Retos, 58, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105030 recyt.fecyt.es

Omarov, B., Omarov, B., Rakhymzhanov, A., Niyazov, A., Sultan, D., & Baikuvekov, M. (2024). Desarro-llo de un estetoscopio digital no invasivo habilitado con inteligencia artificial para monitorear en tiempo real la condición cardíaca de los atletas (Development of an artificial intelligence-enabled non-invasive digital stethoscope for monitoring the heart condition of athletes in real-time). Retos, 60, 1169–1180. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108633 recyt.fecyt.es

Omarov, N., Omarov, B., Azhibekova, Z., & Omarov, B. (2024). Aplicación de un entorno de aprendizaje basado en juegos de realidad aumentada en clases de educación física para potenciar la moti-vación deportiva (Applying an augmented reality game-based learning environment in physical education classes to enhance sports motivation). Retos, 60, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109170 recyt.fecyt.es

Owoc, M. L., Sawicka, A., & Weichbroth, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence technologies in education: Benefits, challenges and strategies of implementation. arXiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2102.09365

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Te-tzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRIS-MA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Pérez Triviño, J. L. (2021). La inteligencia artificial en el deporte: problemas y principios para su adop-ción. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deporte, (Trabajo académico).

Ramkumar, P. N., Luu, B. C., Haeberle, H. S., Karnuta, J. M., Nwachukwu, B. U., & Williams, R. J. (2022). Sports medicine and artificial intelligence: A primer. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 1166–1174. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211008648

Ruiz Juan, F., & Baena Extremera, A. (2017). Nivel de actividad deportiva en el tiempo libre desde las etapas de cambio y motivación en estudiantes de Costa Rica, México y España. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 17(2), 53–64.

Ruiz Juan, F., & Piéron, M. (2009). Actividad físico deportiva y salud: Análisis de los determinantes de la práctica en el alumnado de Enseñanza Secundaria. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Deportes.

Sanabria Navarro, J. R., Niebles Núñez, W. A., & Silveira Pérez, Y. (2024). Análisis bibliométrico de la inteligencia artificial en el deporte (Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in sport). Re-tos, 54, 312–319. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103531

Sánchez Ramírez, L. de la C., Duany Salazar, Y. J., & Grenot Camué, R. E. (2024). Uso de la inteligencia artificial en investigación y publicación científica en la actividad física y el deporte. Acción, 20(Esp.), 203–219.

Seshadri, D. R., et al. (2021). Wearable sensors for monitoring the internal and external workload of the athlete. npj Digital Medicine, 4, 72. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00459-2

Seo, K., Jang, T., & Seo, J. (2025). Effect of AI intervention programs for older adults on the quality of life: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Digital Health, 11, 20552076251324014. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251324014

Shekerbekova, S., Kamalova, G., Iskakova, M., Aldabergenova, A., Abdykerimova, E., & Shetiyeva, K. (2025). Explorando el uso de herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial y Realidad Aumentada pa-ra mejorar la interactividad en los métodos de enseñanza y entrenamiento de Educación Físi-ca. Retos, 66, 935–949. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.113540

Shin, J., & Park, S. (2023). AI based motion analysis for injury prevention in youth sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(7), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2145678

Sureshbabu, S., & Lavaraju, B. (2024). A critical study on artificial intelligence and its impact on sports business. International Journal of Innovation Science and Research Technology, 9, 458–468.

Thulasya Naik, B., Hashmi, M. F., & Bokde, N. D. (2022). A comprehensive review of computer vision in sports: Open issues, future trends and research directions. arXiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.02281

Van der Mars, H., & Harvey, S. (2020). Teaching games for understanding and digital pedagogies: AI’s role in gamification. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 91(5), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2020.1741802

Weerarathna, I. N., Raymond, D., & Luharia, A. (2023). Human–robot collaboration for healthcare: A narrative review. Cureus, 15, e49210. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49210

Wojciech, S., Szostak, K., Tomaka, R., & Byra, A. (2025). Revolutionizing sports: The role of wearable technology and AI in training and performance analysis. Quality in Sport, 39, 58456. https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2025.39.58456

Zhekambayeva, M., Yerekesheva, M., Ramashov, N., Seidakhmetov, Y., & Kulambayev, B. (2024). Dise-ño de un sistema de árbitro asistente de vídeo impulsado por inteligencia artificial para depor-tes de equipo utilizando visión por computador. Retos, 61, 1162–1170. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.110300

Zhang, Y., & Liu, X. (2025). Artificial intelligence in sport: A narrative review of applications. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2025.2518694

Downloads

Publicado

21-09-2025

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Manescu, D. C. (2025). A Inteligência Artificial no treino desportivo de elite e as perspetivas de integração no desporto escolar. Retos, 73, 128-141. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117261