Marcadores de sarcopenia, rendimiento físico y calidad del sueño en estudiantes de alto riesgo

Autores/as

  • Raden Roro Shinta Arisanti Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga
  • Bambang Purwanto Universitas Airlangga Indonesia
  • Damayanti Tinduh Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Dr.Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia
  • Sundari Indah Wiyasihati Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  • Havid Yusuf Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117311

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, estudiantes, hábitos de sueño, masa muscular esquelética, sarcopenia

Resumen

Introducción: La sarcopenia, antes atribuida principalmente a la población de edad avanzada, afecta cada vez más a la población más joven. La identificación temprana de las personas en riesgo supone una oportunidad fundamental para mejorar la prevención. Hasta la fecha, no se han realizado evaluaciones del riesgo de sarcopenia entre los estudiantes de Indonesia, por lo que los factores de riesgo pertinentes no se han examinado en gran medida.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las características, el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la fuerza muscular, el rendimiento físico y el riesgo de sarcopenia entre estudiantes de entre 15-25 años con un nivel de actividad física alto y bajo-moderado. 

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio comparativo en el que participaron 44 estudiantes emparejados, divididos en grupos de actividad física alta y baja-moderada según sus niveles de actividad física. La evaluación abarcó la masa muscular esquelética, la fuerza de prensión manual, la prueba de sentarse y levantarse, la calidad del sueño y la detección del riesgo de sarcopenia. 

Resultados: Los estudiantes con un mayor nivel de actividad física mostraron un índice de masa muscular esquelética más alto, una mayor fuerza de prensión manual y un rendimiento más rápido en la prueba de sentarse y levantarse en comparación con sus compañeros con actividad física baja-moderada. Además, la calidad del sueño fue notablemente mejor entre los estudiantes del grupo con alto nivel de actividad física.

Discusión: se deben contrastar los resultados de la investigación con los de otras investigaciones publicadas en la literatura. 

Conclusiones: La realización de una actividad física intensa puede contribuir a reducir los riesgos asociados al desarrollo de la sarcopenia. Cabe destacar que la incidencia de sarcopenia fue nula entre todas las personas que realizaban entrenamiento.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Raden Roro Shinta Arisanti, Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

    Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

    Department of Biomedical, School of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra, Indonesia

  • Bambang Purwanto, Universitas Airlangga Indonesia

    Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

  • Damayanti Tinduh, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Dr.Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia

    Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia.

    Department of Physical Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr.Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

     

  • Sundari Indah Wiyasihati, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

    Departement of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

  • Havid Yusuf, Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Malang

    Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Malang

Referencias

Alarcón-Rivera, M., Montecino-Rojas, F., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Salazar-Orellana, C., Valdés, E. G., Araya, D. D., Luna-Villouta, P., Faúndez-Casanova, C., Fuentes-Barría, H., & Aguilera-Eguía, R. (2025). Aná-lisis de la calidad del sueño y su impacto en la composición corporal en culturistas naturales el día previo a la competencia. Retos, 66, 395–402. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V66.111445

Alnawwar, M. A., Alraddadi, M. I., Algethmi, R. A., Salem, G. A., Salem, M. A., & Alharbi, A. A. (2023). The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorder: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 15 (8). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43595

Ancoli-Israel, S., & Cooke, J. R. (2005). Prevalence and comorbidity of insomnia and effect on function-ing in elderly populations. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(7 SUPPL.). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53392.x

Bae, E.-J., & Kim, Y.-H. (2017). Factors Affecting Sarcopenia in Korean Adults by Age Groups. In Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives: Vol. 8 (3) (pp. 169–178). Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.03

Benton, M. J., Spicher, J. M., & Silva-Smith, A. L. (2022). Validity and reliability of handgrip dynamome-try in older adults: A comparison of two widely used dynamometers. PLoS ONE, 17(6 June). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270132

Bonilla, Y. C. E., Bautista, J. C. T., Millán, J. M. V., González, D. E. G., & Delgado, J. C. S. (2024). Effects of three types of physical exercise on the levels of physical activity and the profile of mood states in administrative personnel of a higher education institution. Retos, 52, 588–599. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V52.103408

Bori, Z., Zhao, Z., Koltai, E., Fatouros, I. G., Jamurtas, A. Z., Douroudos, I. I., Terzis, G., Chatzinikolaou, A., Sovatzidis, A., Draganidis, D., Boldogh, I., & Radak, Z. (2012). The effects of aging, physical train-ing, and a single bout of exercise on mitochondrial protein expression in human skeletal muscle. Experimental Gerontology, 47(6), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EXGER.2012.03.004

Buchmann, N., Spira, D., Norman, K., Demuth, I., Eckardt, R., & Steinhagen-Thiessen, E. (2016). Schlaf, Muskelmasse und Muskelfunktion im Alter. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 113(15), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2016.0253

Chen, L. K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T. W., Chou, M. Y., Iijima, K., Jang, H. C., Kang, L., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kojima, T., Kuzuya, M., Lee, J. S. W., Lee, S. Y., Lee, W. J., Lee, Y., Liang, C. K., Lim, J. Y., Lim, W. S., … Arai, H. (2020). Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarco-penia Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21(3), 300-307.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012

Conwit, R. A., Stashuk, D., Tracy, B., McHugh, M., Brown, W. F., & Metter, E. J. (1999). The relationship of motor unit size, firing rate, and force. Clin Neurophysiol, 110 (7), 1270–1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00054-1

Craig, C. L. (2003). IPAQ - International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and va-lidity. Med Sci Sport Exercise, 35, 1381–1395. https://sites.google.com/view/ipaq/home

Csapo, R., & Alegre, L. M. (2016). Effects of resistance training with moderate vs heavy loads on muscle mass and strength in older people: A meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(9), 995–1006. https://doi.org/10.1111/SMS.12536

Dáttilo, M., Antunes, H. K. M., Galbes, N. M. N., Marcos, M. N., De-Sá, S. H., Quaresma, D. S., Lúcio, M. V., Lee, K. S., Ugrinowitsch, C., Sergio, T., Mello, D., & Túlio, M. (2020). Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Acute Skeletal Muscle Recovery after Exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 52 (2), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002137

Dattilo, M., Antunes, H. K. M., Medeiros, A., Mônico Neto, M., Souza, H. S., Tufik, S., & De Mello, M. T. (2011). Sleep and Muscle Recovery: Endocrinological and Molecular Basis for a New and Prom-ising Hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 77(2), 220–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEHY.2011.04.017

de-Melo, A. T. A., Guimarães, B. F. S., & e-Silva, C. J. R. L. (2023). The five times sit-to-stand test: safety, validity, and reliability with critical care survivors at ICU discharge. Archives of Physiotherapy, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-022-00156-z

Dharmansyah, D., & Budiana, D. (2021). Indonesian Adaptation of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): Psychometric Properties. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia, 7 (2), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v7i2.39351

Donnelly, S., Penny, K., & Kynn, M. (2024). The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in im-proving higher education students’ mental health: A systematic review. Health Promotion In-ternational, 39, 27. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daae027

D’Onofrio, G., Kirschner, J., Prather, H., Goldman, D., & Rozanski, A. (2023). Musculoskeletal exercise: Its role in promoting health and longevity. In Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (Vol. 77, pp. 25–36). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.006

Du, K., Goates, S., Arensberg, M. B., Pereira, S., & Gaillard, T. (2018). Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Sar-copenic Obesity Varies with Race/Ethnicity and Advancing Age. Diversity & Equality in Health and Care, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000173

Dupont, S., Morsut, L., Aragona, M., Enzo, E., Giulitti, S., Cordenonsi, M., Zanconato, F., Le Digabel, J., For-cato, M., Bicciato, S., Elvassore, N., & Piccolo, S. (2011). Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduc-tion. Nature, 474(7350), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1038/NATURE10137

Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Casey, M. M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Age profiles of sport participants. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13102-016-0031-3/FIGURES/4

Graham, Z. A., Lavin, K. M., O’Bryan, S. M., Thalacker-Mercer, A. E., Buford, T. W., Ford, K. M., Broderick, T. J., & Bamman, M. M. (2021). Mechanisms of exercise as a preventative measure against mus-cle wasting. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 321(1), C40–C57. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00056.2021

Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., Doncarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V, Catesby Ware, J., & Hillard, P. J. A. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Else-vier, 1(1), 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010

Jun-Won, H., Mi-Hyun, N., Dong-Hoo, M., Ju-Hee, K., & Hyo-Bum, K. (2017). Aging-Induced Sarcopenia and Exercise. The Official Journal of the Korean Academy of Kinesiology, 19(2), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.15758/JKAK.2017.19.2.43

Kant, G. J., Genser, S. G., Thorne, D. R., Pfalser, J. L., & Mougey, E. H. (1984). Effects of 72 Hour Sleep Dep-rivation on Urinary Cortisol and Indices of Metabolism. Raven Press, 7(2), 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/7.2.142

Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012

Lee, J. H., & Jun, H. S. (2019). Role of myokines in regulating skeletal muscle mass and function. Fron-tiers in Physiology, 10(JAN). https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2019.00042/FULL

Li, R., & Huang, R. (2025). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being in college students: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2025.1573446/FULL

Lin, X., & Li, H. (2021). Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics. Frontiers in Endo-crinology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.706978

Lu, L., Mao, L., Feng, Y., Ainsworth, B. E., Liu, Y., & Chen, N. (2021). Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: a sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12877-021-02642-8/FIGURES/6

Malmstrom, T. K., & Morley, J. E. (2013). Sarcopenia: The Target Population. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 2(1), 55–2. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2013.8

Mutohir, T. C., Lutan, R., Maksum, A., Kristiyanto, A., & Akbar, R. (2021). Laporan Nasional Sport Devel-opment Index Tahun 2021 Olahraga Untuk Investasi Pembangunan Manusia. https://img-deputi2.kemenpora.go.id/files/document_file/2023/07/17/30/634laporan-nasional-sport-development-index-tahun-2021.pdf

Mutohir, T. C., Lutan, R., Maksum, A., Kristiyanto, A., & Akbar, R. (2023). Laporan Indeks Pembangunan Olahraga Tahun 2023: Kebugaran Jasmani dan Generasi Emas 2045. https://img-deputi2.kemenpora.go.id/files/document_file/2024/06/25/34/1143laporan-nasional-sport-development-index-tahun-2023.pdf

Mutohir T. C., Lutan, R., Maksum, A., Kristiyanto, A., & Akbar, R. (2022). Laporan Nasional Sport Devel-opment Index 2022: Olahraga, Daya Saing, dan Kebijakan Berbasis Data. https://img-deputi2.kemenpora.go.id/files/document_file/2023/07/17/31/5716laporan-nasional-sport-development-index-tahun-2022.pdf

Papadopoulou, S. K., Papadimitriou, K., Voulgaridou, G., Georgaki, E., Tsotidou, E., Zantidou, O., & Pa-pandreou, D. (2021). Exercise and Nutrition Impact on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia—The Inci-dence of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 13(12), 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/NU13124499

Park, C.-H., Do, J. G., Lee, Y.-T., & Yoon, K. J. (2022). Sex Difference in Cutoff and Prevalence of Sarcope-nia among 300,090 Urban Korean Population: Association with Metabolic Syndrome. Medicina, MDPI, 58(10), 1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101361

Peterson, M. D., Sen, A., & Gordon, P. M. (2011). Influence of Resistance Exercise on Lean Body Mass in Aging Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(2), 249. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181EB6265

Pongchaiyakul, C., Limpawattana, P., Kotruchin, P., & Rajatanavin, R. (2013). Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors among the Thai population. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 31(3), 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0422-4

Arisanti, R. R. S., Yuwono, N., Gunawan, E. J., Sultan, D., & Wijaya, A. P. (2025). Identifikasi Possible Sar-copenia Melalui Tes Calf Circumference pada Aktivitas Fisik Usia Remaja. Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Pembangunan, 15(2), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.52047/JKP.V15I2.396

Ross, S. A., & Wakeling, J. M. (2021). The energy of muscle contraction. IV. Greater mass of larger mus-cles decreases contraction efficiency. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 18(182). https://doi.org/10.1098/RSIF.2021.0484

Rubio-Arias, J. Á., Rodríguez-Fernández, R., Andreu, L., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Ramos-Campo, D. J., & Edu, D. (2019). Effect of Sleep Quality on the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122156

Vitriana, Defi, I. R., Gaga, I. N., & Setiabudiawan, B. (2016). Prevalensi Sarkopenia pada Lansia di Komunitas (Community Dwelling) berdasarkan Dua Nilai Cut-off Parameter Diagnosis. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 48(3), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v48n3.417

Saanijoki, T., Tuominen, L., Tuulari, J. J., Nummenmaa, L., Arponen, E., Kalliokoski, K., & Hirvonen, J. (2017). Opioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects. Neu-ropsychopharmacology, 43, 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.148

Setiati, S., Kamaruzzaman, S. B., Chew, S. T. H., Kemala Sari, N., Harimurti, K., Laksmi, P. W., Aryana, I. G. P. S., Sunarti, S., Dwimartutie, N., Fitriana, I., Asylia Dinakrisma, A., Azwar, M. K., Mulyana, R., Ar-iestine, D. A., Cahyawati, W. A. S. N., Dwipa, L., Budiningsih, F., Sudarso, A., Hayati, M., … Istanti, R. (2025). Indonesian optimal sarcopenia cutoff values of calf circumference, muscle strength, and physical performance: a multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/FMED.2025.1536848/FULL

Setyowati, A., & Chung, M. H. (2021). Validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 27(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/IJN.12856

Shen, Y., Shi, Q., Nong, K., Li, S., Yue, J., Huang, J., Dong, B., Beauchamp, M., & Hao, Q. (2023). Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Cachex-ia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 14(3), 1199–1211. https://doi.org/10.1002/JCSM.13225

Verwaaijen, E. J., Van Der Torre, P., Vormoor, J., Pieters, R., Fiocco, M., Hartman, A., & Van Den Heuvel-Eibrink, M. M. (2023). Novel Adaptation of the SARC-F Score to Classify Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Patients with Functional Sarcopenia. Cancer, MDPI, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010320

Vitale, J. A., Bonato, M., Torre, A. La, & Banfi, G. (2019). Molecular Sciences: The Role of the Molecular Clock in Promoting Skeletal Muscle Growth and Protecting against Sarcopenia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174318

Vitriana, V., Defi, I. R., Nugraha, I. G., & Setiabudiawan, B. (2016). Prevalensi Sarkopenia pada Lansia di Komunitas (Community Dwelling) berdasarkan Dua Nilai Cut-off Parameter Diagnosis. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 48(3), 164–170. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v48n3.417

World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. http://apps.who.int/iris

WHO. (2021). Roadmap for Implementing the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity in the WHO South-East Asia Region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).

Wijaya, A., Wibowo, S., Arief, N. A., & Juniarisaca, D. L. (2025). Physical Activity and Passive Behavior of Sports Education Students After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Atlantis Press, 879, 980–987. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-317-7_97

Yi, Y., Baek, J. Y., Lee, E., Jung, H. W., & Jang, I. Y. (2022). A Comparative Study of High-Frequency Bioe-lectrical Impedance Analysis and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Body Composition. Life, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070994

Yoo, S. Z., No, M. H., Heo, J. W., Park, D. H., Kang, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Kwak, H. B. (2018). Role of exercise in age-related sarcopenia. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 14(4), 551. https://doi.org/10.12965/JER.1836268.134

Descargas

Publicado

08-11-2025

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Arisanti, R. R. S., Purwanto, B., Tinduh, D., Wiyasihati, S. I., & Yusuf, H. (2025). Marcadores de sarcopenia, rendimiento físico y calidad del sueño en estudiantes de alto riesgo. Retos, 74, 246-257. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117311