Analysis of tactical patterns variables in different formats of small-sided football games

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119494

Palabras clave:

Juegos reducidos y condicionados (SSCGs) , fútbol, táctica de equipo, rendimiento, limitaciones de la tarea

Resumen

Introducción: La investigación en fútbol ha destacado cada vez más el valor de los juegos reducidos y condicionados (SSCGs) como herramientas eficaces para el aprendizaje y el desarrollo de habilidades.

Objetivo: Analizar cómo la densidad de jugadores influye en el posicionamiento colectivo y el espaciado del equipo en futbolistas juveniles.

Metodología: Participaron veintidós jugadores masculinos de la categoría sub-14 en dos formatos de SSCGs (GK+4v4+GK y GK+5v5+GK), disputados en el mismo terreno de juego (46m × 33m). Los datos posicionales se registraron mediante unidades GPS de 15Hz y se utilizaron para calcular la anchura, la longitud y el área de superficie del equipo. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y un ANOVA mixto de dos vías.

Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0,05) en la anchura y el área de superficie del equipo según el formato de juego y la fase del juego (ataque y defensa). En concreto, la anchura del equipo fue mayor durante la fase ofensiva que en la defensiva, mientras que el formato GK+5v5+GK presentó una mayor área de superficie del equipo.

Discusión: La manipulación de la densidad de jugadores se asoció con cambios en la organización espacial colectiva. El formato GK+5v5+GK se asoció con una mayor longitud y área de superficie del equipo, mientras que el formato GK+4v4+GK favoreció una organización más compacta y distintos comportamientos tácticos colectivos emergentes.

Conclusiones: Los entrenadores pueden manipular las restricciones de los SSCGs para favorecer comportamientos tácticos específicos. El formato con mayor número de jugadores se asoció con una mayor longitud y área de superficie del equipo, mientras que el formato reducido promovió una organización más compacta. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia útil para diseñar programas de entrenamiento más eficaces mediante el ajuste del espaciado entre jugadores.

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Publicado

15-07-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Azli, M. S., Atan, S. A., Jakiwa, J., & Khairul Ikram, E. H. (2026). Analysis of tactical patterns variables in different formats of small-sided football games. Retos, 82, 652-661. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119494