El ejercicio moderado y excesivo afectan la calidad del esperma y el estrés oxidativo de manera diferente en ratas

Autores/as

  • Mahendra Wahyu Dewangga Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-268X
  • Nurhayati Nurhayati Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Ahmad Erlan Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Riswal Nafi Siregar Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Anton Suryatma Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Lutfah Rif'ati Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Ika Saptarini Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Pramita Andarwati Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Lelly Andayasari Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Reza Yuridian Purwoko Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Aris Yulianto Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, West Java-16911 (Indonesia)
  • Raflizar Raflizar Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.120042

Palabras clave:

intensidad del ejercicio, calidad espermática, testosterona, estrés oxidativo

Resumen

Introducción: La intensidad del ejercicio influye en la función reproductiva masculina. El ejercicio moderado puede favorecer la adaptación fisiológica, mientras que el entrenamiento excesivo puede inducir estrés oxidativo y alteraciones endocrinas.

Objetivo: Este estudio investigó los efectos diferenciales del ejercicio aeróbico moderado y excesivo sobre la calidad espermática, la testosterona y los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en ratas Wistar macho.

Metodología: Veinticuatro ratas Wistar macho fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a los grupos control, ejercicio moderado (20–25 min/día) y ejercicio excesivo (50 min/día). El ejercicio de natación se realizó durante 6 semanas. Se evaluaron la concentración, motilidad y morfología espermáticas, la testosterona sérica, el peso testicular, el malondialdehído (MDA) y la creatina quinasa (CK) mediante procedimientos estándar de laboratorio.

Resultados: El ejercicio moderado produjo mejoras no significativas en la calidad espermática y los niveles de testosterona, con cambios leves en el estrés oxidativo. En contraste, el ejercicio excesivo redujo significativamente la concentración, motilidad, morfología espermáticas y testosterona (todos p < 0,001), mientras aumentó significativamente los niveles de MDA y CK (ambos p < 0,001) y redujo el peso testicular (p < 0,001).

Discusión: Los resultados indican que las respuestas reproductivas al ejercicio aeróbico dependen de la intensidad. El ejercicio moderado pareció mantener la homeostasis reproductiva, mientras que el ejercicio excesivo se asoció con alteraciones de la espermatogénesis, disfunción hormonal y mayor estrés oxidativo.

Conclusiones: El ejercicio aeróbico excesivo puede perjudicar la función reproductiva masculina mediante estrés oxidativo y alteraciones hormonales, mientras que el ejercicio moderado parece compatible con su preservación.

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Publicado

30-05-2026

Número

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Dewangga, M. W., Nurhayati, N., Erlan, A., Siregar, R. N., Suryatma, A., Rif'ati, L., Saptarini, I., Andarwati, P., Andayasari, L., Purwoko, R. Y., Yulianto, A., & Raflizar, R. (2026). El ejercicio moderado y excesivo afectan la calidad del esperma y el estrés oxidativo de manera diferente en ratas. Retos, 83, 737-749. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.120042