Qué tan cerca del fallo muscular? Inflamación muscular y respuestas EMG al entrenamiento de resistencia con diferentes proximidades al fallo muscular

Autores/as

  • Bruno de Freitas Rodrigues https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1078-0183
  • Marcelo Danillo Matos dos Santos
  • Eduardo Mendonça Pimenta
  • Lucas Túlio Lacerda
  • Marcel Bahia Lanza
  • Gustavo Ferreira Pedrosa
  • Fernando Vitor Lima
  • Mauro Heleno Chagas
  • Rodrigo César Ribeiro Diniz UFMG

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118964

Palabras clave:

Activación muscular, área de sección transversal, entrenamiento de resistencia, número de repeticiones

Resumen

Introducción: La hinchazón muscular y la electromiografía (EMG) son marcadores no invasivos de respuestas periféricas y neuromusculares al entrenamiento de resistencia. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha examinado cómo la proximidad al fallo muscular modula estas respuestas en individuos entrenados.

Objetivo: Este estudio comparó las respuestas agudas de EMG e hinchazón muscular en seis protocolos con distintas proximidades al fallo en hombres entrenados.

Metodología: Catorce hombres realizaron la extensión bilateral de rodilla con cuatro series al 60 % de una repetición máxima. Los protocolos incluían el fallo muscular (MF) y cinco condiciones sin fallo (NMF) con 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % y 50 % menos repeticiones que el MF. Se evaluaron el área transversal (ecografía) y el EMG normalizado (electrodos de superficie) del recto femoral y vasto lateral pre y post entrenamiento.

Resultados: La hinchazón muscular difirió significativamente entre todos los protocolos para ambos músculos (p < 0,05), aumentando progresivamente conforme las repeticiones se acercaban al fallo. El MF produjo la mayor activación del EMG; sin embargo, protocolos NMF con pequeñas reducciones de repeticiones (−10 % a −30 %) no difirieron entre sí. La hinchazón fue más sensible a cambios en el volumen de repeticiones que la amplitud EMG.

Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos indican que la proximidad al fallo modula las respuestas periféricas y neuromusculares de forma dependiente de la dosis, con umbrales de sensibilidad distintos entre variables, proporcionando una guía práctica para la prescripción del entrenamiento de resistencia.

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Publicado

11-06-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

de Freitas Rodrigues, B., Matos dos Santos, M. D., Mendonça Pimenta, E., Túlio Lacerda, L., Bahia Lanza, M., Ferreira Pedrosa, G., Vitor Lima, F., Heleno Chagas, M., & Ribeiro Diniz, R. C. (2026). Qué tan cerca del fallo muscular? Inflamación muscular y respuestas EMG al entrenamiento de resistencia con diferentes proximidades al fallo muscular. Retos, 81, 468-481. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118964