Methodological approach to addressing joint replacement challenges in osteopetrosis: a clinical review perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119200Keywords:
Osteoclasts, osteopetrosis, hip, knee, joint replacement, arthroplasty, arthritisAbstract
Introduction and Objective: Osteopetrosis is a rare bone disorder characterized by increased bone density due to defective bone remodeling, resulting in abnormal bone architecture and skeletal deformities. It may affect the hip and knee joints and increase the complexity of total joint arthroplasty. This review aims to summarize the causes, clinical features, and complications of osteopetrosis, with particular emphasis on its implications for hip and knee replacement surgery.
Methodology: This review examines relevant previous and contemporary literature on osteopetrosis, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnosis, associated complications, and challenges in hip and knee arthroplasty. The available evidence is considered to identify important clinical implications for the assessment and surgical management of affected patients.
Results: The literature indicates that osteopetrosis can cause increased bone density, abnormal bone remodeling, skeletal deformities, and an elevated risk of fractures. These changes, together with associated degenerative joint disease, can complicate hip and knee replacement procedures. Increased bone hardness, altered bone anatomy, and difficulties in surgical preparation and implant fixation may present significant technical challenges for orthopedic surgeons. Appropriate preoperative assessment and individualized surgical planning are therefore essential.
Conclusions: Osteopetrosis presents important challenges in hip and knee arthroplasty and requires careful diagnosis, comprehensive preoperative evaluation, and tailored surgical strategies. Further clinical research is needed to establish evidence-based recommendations and improve surgical outcomes in patients with this rare bone disorder.
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