Uma abordagem metódica para lidar com os desafios da artroplastia na osteopetrose: uma perspetiva de revisão clínica

Autores

  • Hail Turki Alharthi Assistant professor, hip and knee arthroplasty, Orthopedic surgery and Sport Medicine Department, College of medicine, Taif University, Saudia Arabia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119200

Palavras-chave:

Osteoclastos, osteopetrose, anca, joelho, substituição articular, artroplastia, artrite

Resumo

Introdução e objetivo: A osteopetrose é uma doença óssea rara caracterizada pelo aumento da densidade óssea devido a uma remodelação óssea defeituosa, resultando numa arquitetura óssea anormal e deformidades esqueléticas. Pode afetar as articulações da anca e do joelho, aumentando a complexidade das cirurgias de substituição total da anca e do joelho. Esta revisão tem como objetivo resumir as causas, características clínicas e complicações da osteopetrose, com um foco particular nas suas implicações para a cirurgia de substituição da anca e do joelho.

Metodologia: Esta revisão examina a literatura relevante, passada e presente, sobre a osteopetrose, com foco na sua fisiopatologia, diagnóstico, complicações associadas e os desafios que apresenta na artroplastia da anca e do joelho. As evidências disponíveis são analisadas para identificar as principais implicações clínicas para a avaliação e gestão cirúrgica dos doentes afetados.

Resultados: A literatura indica que a osteopetrose pode levar ao aumento da densidade óssea, remodelação óssea anormal, deformidades esqueléticas e aumento do risco de fraturas. Estas alterações, juntamente com a doença articular degenerativa associada, podem complicar os procedimentos de substituição da anca e do joelho. A elevada densidade óssea, as anomalias anatómicas e as dificuldades na preparação cirúrgica e na fixação do implante podem representar desafios técnicos significativos para os cirurgiões ortopédicos. Por isso, uma avaliação pré-operatória minuciosa e um planeamento cirúrgico individualizado são essenciais.

Conclusões: A osteopetrose impõe desafios significativos na artroplastia da anca e do joelho e requer um diagnóstico cuidadoso, uma avaliação pré-operatória abrangente e estratégias cirúrgicas adaptadas a cada doente. São necessárias mais pesquisas clínicas para estabelecer recomendações baseadas em evidências e melhorar os resultados cirúrgicos em doentes com esta doença óssea rara.

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Publicado

30-07-2025

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Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Turki Alharthi, H. (2025). Uma abordagem metódica para lidar com os desafios da artroplastia na osteopetrose: uma perspetiva de revisão clínica. Retos, 70, 1597-1605. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119200