Comparative effects of traditional and contemporary calisthenics on the vertical jump of filipino volleyball athletes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119394Keywords:
Contemporary calisthenics , countermovement jump, running jump, traditional calisthenics, volleyballAbstract
Introduction: Vertical jump performance is a critical component of volleyball, particularly for effective spiking and blocking actions. Despite the widespread use of bodyweight training, limited evidence compares traditional and contemporary calisthenics approaches in improving sport-specific jumping performance among youth athletes.
Objective: This study sought to examine and compare the effects of traditional and contemporary calisthenics programs on countermovement and running vertical jump performance among Filipino amateur high school volleyball athletes.
Methodology: A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a between-subjects approach was employed. A total of sixty-four (64) athletes were allocated to either the traditional or contemporary calisthenics group. Both groups completed an eight-week training program conducted three times weekly, following structured sessions including warm-up, exercises, and cool-down. Vertical jump performance was measured before and after the intervention using countermovement and running jump tests. Mean, standard deviation, and t-tests were used for analysis at a 0.05 significance level.
Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in countermovement and running jump performance. No significant difference was observed between groups in countermovement jump results, indicating similar improvements in general explosive power. However, the contemporary group showed significantly greater gains in running jump performance.
Discussion: Findings suggest that while both approaches improve vertical power, contemporary calisthenics better enhance sport-specific explosive movements.
Conclusions: Structured calisthenics programs are effective, with contemporary approaches providing greater benefits for volleyball performance in resource-limited training environments.
References
Anwer, U., Nuhmani, S., Sharma, S., Bari, M. A., Kachanathu, S. J., & Abualait, T. (2021). Efficacy of speed, agility, and quickness training with and without equipment on athletic performance pa-rameters: A randomized control trial. Sports and Arts Journal, 9(2), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.13189/SAJ.2021.090205
Baena-Raya, A., Díez-Fernández, D. M., García-de-Alcaraz, A., Soriano-Maldonado, A., Pérez-Castilla, A., & Rodríguez-Pérez, M. A. (2023). Assessing the maximal mechanical capacities through the load–velocity relationship in elite versus junior male volleyball players. Sports Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231208706
Challoumas, D., & Artemiou, A. (2018). Predictors of attack performance in high-level male volleyball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(9), 1230–1236. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0125
Chaves, L. M. da S., Santos, G. V., Teixeira, C. L. S., & Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2020). Calistenia e exer-cício com o peso corporal: Conceitos distintos ou sinônimos científicos? Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício, 19(1), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.33233/RBFE.V19I1.3985
Costa, A. M., Gil, M. H., Sousa, A. C., Ensinas, V., Espada, M. C., & Pereira, A. M. V. M. (2016). Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training sequence order on physical fitness performance in adolescent students. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(4), 1202–1208.
Endab, J. P. D. (2024). Effectiveness of squat and countermovement jumps in improving vertical jump performance. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 5(3), 69–95. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.04101
Gillen, Z. M., Shoemaker, M. E., Bohannon, N. A., Gibson, S. M., & Cramer, J. T. (2021). Effects of eccen-tric pre-loading on concentric vertical jump performance in young female athletes. Sports Med-icine—Open, 3(1), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42978-020-00098-7
Guerra, L. A., Santos, L. R. A. D., Pereira, P. E., Lauria, V. T., Lima, C. de, Evangelista, A. L., Rica, R. L., Bocalini, D. S., Messias, C. B., & Teixeira, C. V. L. S. (2019). A low-cost and time-efficient calis-thenics strength training program improves fitness performance of children. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 58–64.
Guimarães, M. P., Silva, R. P. da, Santos, I. A. D., Silva, G. P. da, Campos, Y. de A. C., Silva, S. F. da, & Azevedo, P. H. S. M. de. (2022). Effect of four weeks of plyometric training in the pre-competitive period on volleyball athletes’ performance. Biology of Sport, 40(1), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.112971
Hirayama, K. (2015). Jump performance enhancement induced by countermovement. In Biomechanics in sports (pp. 187–198). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55315-1_16
Ilics, K. B. (2024). The examination of explosive leg strength in volleyball. Stadium, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.36439/shjs/2024/2/15398
Kotarsky, C. J., Christensen, B., Miller, J., & Hackney, K. J. (2017). Effect of progressive calisthenic push-up training on muscle strength and thickness. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(3), 651–659. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002345
Kurniawan, R., Hendra, J., Saleh, K., Putra, I. M., & Pilitan, R. B. (2025). Strength and explosive power training supports volleyball smash jumps. Academia Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12173
Machado, A. F., Baker, J. S., Junior, A. F., & Bocalini, D. S. (2019). High-intensity interval training using whole-body exercises: Training recommendations and methodological overview. Clinical Phys-iology and Functional Imaging, 39(6), 378–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12433
Martinez, D. B. (2017). Consideration for power and capacity in volleyball vertical jump performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 39(4), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000297
Martínez-Lema, D., & Guede-Rojas, F. (2023). Effects of a sprint and plyometric warm-up protocol on vertical jump height and power in adolescent female volleyball players: A randomized crosso-ver study. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, 48, 304–311. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.93852
Moran, J., Sandercock, G., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Meylan, C., Collison, J., & Parry, D. (2016). Age-related variation in male youth athletes’ countermovement jump after plyometric training: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(2), 552–565. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001444
Muhammad, M., Kusnanik, N. W., & Pramono, B. (2023). Effect of eight weeks of combined plyometric training on increasing lower and upper body muscle power in student volleyball athletes. Teor-iâ Ta Metodika Fizičnogo Vihovannâ, 23(3), 333–338. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.3.03
Oliveira, M. C. T., Souza, Á. L. X. de, Mendonça, L. de M., & Silva, J. F. da. (2023). Does plyometric exer-cise improve jumping performance in volleyball athletes? An overview of systematic reviews. Retos. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.96114
Panihar, U., & Rani, D. (2022). The effect of calisthenics training on physical fitness parameters and sports-specific skills of soccer players: A randomized controlled trial. Advances in Rehabilita-tion. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2022.116181
Pellegrinotti, Í. L., Crisp, A. H., Manji, M. A. P., Rocha, G. L. da, & Verlengia, R. (2015). The influence of 16 weeks of periodized resistance training on vertical leap and 20-meter performance tests for volleyball players. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 3(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS235
Pratama, H. G., Imandaqurani, D., Candra, A. T., Pratama, I. G., & Santoso, D. A. (2024). Effects of plyometric training of adolescent male volleyball athletes. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1458129
Qatami, H., & Kilani, H. A. (2026). The effects of plyometric training on selected physical abilities and kinematic variables in youth female football players. Retos, 81, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119142
Ramirez-Campillo, R., Álvarez, C., García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Gentil, P., Asadi, A., Chaabene, H., Moran, J., Meylan, C., & García-de-Alcaraz, A. (2018). Methodological characteris-tics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: A scoping review. Sports Med-icine, 48(5), 1059–1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0870-z
Ramirez-Campillo, R., Gentil, P., Negra, Y., Grgic, J., & Girard, O. (2021). Effects of plyometric jump training on repeated sprint ability in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(10), 2165–2179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01479-w
Sánchez, J. S., Tocino, P., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Rodríguez-Fernández, A. (2024). Impact of activation through bodyweight vs elastic band exercises on jump capacity and dynamic strength. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.20.23
Silva, A. F., Clemente, F. M., Lima, R., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2019). The effect of plyometric training in volleyball players: A systematic review. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162960
Willer, J., Allen, S. J., Burden, R., & Folland, J. P. (2024). How humans run faster: The neuromechanical contributions of functional muscle groups to running at different speeds. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 34(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14690
Wirth, K., Keiner, M., Hartmann, H., Sander, A., & Mickel, C. (2016). Effect of eight weeks of free-weight and machine-based strength training on strength and power performance. Journal of Human Kinetics, 53(1), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0023
Zhang, X. (2013). Research of jumping ability and explosive power based on plyometric training. In Advances in sports science (pp. 427–433). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4790-9_55
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Loverette Coteng, Keano Ananayo, Apple Gay Molina, Rex John Bawang, Carlos Jr Mama-o, Corina Masing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
