Development of velcro gloves as an educational tool to enhance catching skills in Kasti learning for elementary school students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119553Keywords:
Physical Education, Velcro Gloves, Kasti Learning, Ball-Catching Skills, Game-Based LearningAbstract
Introduction: Difficulties in catching the ball and the lack of innovative instructional media remain common problems in elementary school physical education learning, particularly in kasti games.
Objective: This study aimed to develop Velcro gloves as innovative instructional media to improve students’ ball-catching skills, learning motivation, and engagement during physical education learning activities.
Methodology: The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model involving 25 fourth-grade elementary school students, physical education teachers, and 13 expert validators through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and product validation.
Results: The Velcro glove media achieved a feasibility score of 89.3% and was categorized as highly feasible for use in learning activities, with validity and reliability scores of 0.70 and 0.60, respectively. The implementation results indicated improvements in students’ ball-catching success from 42% to 77%, active participation from 60% to 90%, and learning enthusiasm from 55% to 88%. In addition, students became more confident and actively involved during practical learning activities.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that Velcro gloves can serve as simple, safe, and effective instructional media to support more interactive, engaging, and student-centered physical education learning in elementary schools.
References
Abdullah, W., & Maladona, A. (2026). Integration of the tpack model to teachers’ pedagogical competence: an analysis of impact and effectiveness. Theosinesis: Journal of Integrative Understanding and Ethical Praxis, 1(3), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v1i3.033
Alcaraz-Muñoz, V., Cifo Izquierdo, M. I., Gea García, G. M., Alonso Roque, J. I., & Yuste Lucas, J. L. (2020). Joy in movement: traditional sporting games and emotional experience in elementary physical education. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588640
Alfath, A., Usra, M., & Bayu, W. I. (2025). Enhancing locomotor skills through team-based games with creative media in elementary physical education classes. Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology, 6(2), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2025.6.2.05
Anggraini, D. R., Syahbana, M. A., Marpaung, M. H., Nst, D. S., Mendrofa, R., & Pertiwi, D. N. (2025). Utilization of game-based learning media in enhancing student interest in physical education learning. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research, 6(1), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v6i1.2376
Bailey, R. (2006). Physical education and sport in schools: a review of benefits and outcomes. Journal of School Health, 76(8), 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x
Budiman, I. A. (2026). Enhancing primary school students’ motor skills through interactive digital learning media: a quasi-experimental study in physical education. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i4.8766
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, muantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). In Sage Publications.
Culajara, C. J. (2022). Integrating game-based approach in students learning experiences in physical education: A phenomenological study. Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education, 3(3), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.25299/es:ijope.2022.vol3(3).10520
Della Corte, J., Tucher, G., Triani, F. da S., Novaes, R. C., Santos, L. C., Serpa, C. C., Castro, J. B. P. de, & Telles, S. de C. C. (2026). Sports and academic performance: associations contributing to the (un)success of student-athletes. Retos, 75, 199–219. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.116930
Dese, D. C., Wibowo, C., Widyaningtyas, R., & Nopiyanto, Y. E. (2025). Game-based learning to enhance motivation and fundamental motor skills in elementary physical education: a quasi-experimental study. Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education, 6(3), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.25299/esijope.2025.vol6(3).25032
Ezeddine, G., Souissi, N., Abaidia, R., Masmoudi, L., Trabelsi, K., Ammar, A., Jahrami, H., Husain, W., Tannoubi, A., Kurnaz, M., Altınkök, M., & Mrayah, M. (2025). Game-based physical education: a pathway to increased student motivation and greater learning outcomes. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1531651
Fanani, A. F., & Widiadharma, N. (2026). Acceptance of fate in stoicism: a philosophical review of the phenomenon of students in the wrong major. SocioEdu: Sociological Education, 7(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59098/socioedu.v7i1.3081
Fuster-Guilló, A., Pertegal-Felices, M. L., Jimeno-Morenilla, A., Azorín-López, J., Rico-Soliveres, M. L., & Restrepo-Calle, F. (2019). Evaluating impact on motivation and academic performance of a game-based learning experience using kahoot. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02843
Ghozali, I. (2006). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program SPSS. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gozali, N., & Nasehudin, T. S. (2012). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pustaka Setia.
Gumantan, A., Siregar, N. M., & Wasan, A. (2025). Augmented reality-driven traditional game model for the advancement of basic movements in elementary-aged children. Fizjoterapia Polska, 25(4), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA4317272
Kantak, S. S., & Winstein, C. J. (2012). Learning–performance distinction and memory processes for motor skills: A focused review and perspective. Behavioural Brain Research, 228(1), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.028
Karisman, V. A., Supriadi, D., & Tangkudung, J. (2020). The effect of striking and fielding games on fundamental movement skills. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200214.029
Killian, C. M., Espinoza, S. M., Webster, C. A., Long, B., Urtel, M., Mays Woods, A., & D’Agostino, E. M. (2022). Flipping the script: an initial exploration of flipped learning as an enhanced alternative to traditional physical education lessons. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15188. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215188
Kliziene, I., Cizauskas, G., Sipaviciene, S., Aleksandraviciene, R., & Zaicenkoviene, K. (2021). Effects of a physical education program on physical activity and emotional well-being among primary school children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147536
Louk, M. J. H., Tajuddin, A. I., Runesi, S., Fufu, R. D. A., Neolaka, E. S., Mae, R. M., & Wijaya, I. N. W. E. (2024). Game-based learning in improving interest and achievement in physical education in the 5.0 era. Athena: Physical Education and Sports Journal, 2(2), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.56773/athena.v2i2.25
Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Madrigal-Cerezo, R. (2025). Technology-enhanced pedagogy in physical education: bridging engagement, learning, and lifelong activity. Education Sciences, 15(4), 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040409
Mayer, R. E. (2014). The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Cliff, D. P., Okely, A. D., Scott, H. A., Cohen, K. E., & Lubans, D. R. (2013). Fundamental movement skill interventions in youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132(5), e1361–e1383. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1167
Ningsih, E. P. (2024). Analisis peran pembelajaran berbasis permainan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi siswa pada pelajaran pjok. Journal of Salutare, 1(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.62872/cjja3559
Omarov, N., Omarov, B., Azhibekova, Z., & Omarov, B. (2024). Applying an augmented reality game-based learning environment in physical education classes to enhance sports motivation. Retos, 60, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109170
Popescu, O., Bota, E., Gavreliuc, D., & Domokos, M. (2025). Motor skills and motivation development by implementing handball elements in first part of physical education lesson. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae, 31–46. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.70(1).03
Pratama, M. Y., Annuha, A. N., Fanani, A. F., & Lubis, M. A. (2025). Islamic religious education in indonesia: roles, implementation, and methods in shaping islamic character in the modern era. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Educational Review, 2(3), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.58230/ijier.v2i3.422
Pratama, S. A., Susila, L., & Mc Clintock, E. (2026). Game-based learning approach to enhance tactical understanding and motivation in school football physical education. INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review, 7(01), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.53905/inspiree.v7i01.163
Pratiwi, E., Hernawan, H., Fachrezzy, F., Anggara, N., Lestari, H., Gumantan, A., Samodra, Y. T. J., Mappaompo, M. A., Juhannis, J., & Sinulingga, A. (2024). Learning model of basic manipulative movements of throwing and catching: A developmental study through early childhood play. Retos, 55, 452–460. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.104838
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2014). Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Routledge.
Ridwan, E. H., Bilad, M. I., Zakiyah, V., Zakiyah, S., Maulida, A. H., & Abdillah, F. (2026). From iqra’ to knowledge: reframing islamic educational epistemology. SYMPHONIA: Journal of Theory and Research Output, 1(3), 1–12. https://darulilmijournal.com/index.php/symphonia/article/view/178
Riswanda, M. R., Ramdani, N., & Haryanto, L. (2025). Application of game-based learning in throwing and catching learning to improve the social and emotional skills of elementary school students. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 11(4), 902–914. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v11i4.15660
Ritonga, I., Gusril, G., Kiram, Y., Lanos, M. E. C., & Festiawan, R. (2024). Designing an innovative learning model for fundamental throwing and catching skills using the teaching games for understanding (tgfu) approach in elementary education. Retos, 61, 448–454. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108823
Santoso, N. F., Santoso, N., Arianto, A. C., & Nurdin, U. (2023). The effect of motor ability on physical education learning achievement of elementary school students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 06(03). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i3-23
Satria, M. H., Aliriad, H., Nuzulia, D., Mangngassai, I. A. M., Junaidi, I. A., & Zainuddin, M. (2024). Game-based physical education learning to improve basic manipulative movement skills in primary school children. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3756
Setiawan, R. (2026). From voters to monitors: strengthening electoral integrity through student constitutional education. Sustainable Service Journal, 1(1), 63–77. https://darulilmijournal.com/index.php/ssj/article/view/150
Supriadi, A., Mesnan, M., Akhmad, I., Dewi, R., & Suprayitno, S. (2022). The effect of learning manipulative skills using ball thrower learning media on the ability to throw and catch the ball in elementary school students. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 10(3), 590–603. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2441
Thi, L. D. (2025). Game-based learning in improving student engagement. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(V), 5116–5123. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.905000397
Wardhana, E. M., Sujarwo, Setiawan, I., & Rihatno, T. (2025). Flash card-based basic throwing and catching movement learning model for grade v elementary school students. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 14(3), 846–855. https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v14i3.32200
Wibowo, C., Dese, D. C., Novianti, A. T., Putra, M. A., Perdana, J. A., Wahyudi, A. N., & Razzi, F. (2025). Enhancing physical fitness and social skills through innovative Physical Education learning approaches and motor skills in elementary school students. Retos, 70, 850–858. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.111785
Widodo, B., Nurhasan, N., Suroto, S., & Uulaa, R. F. R. (2023). Development of small ball game learning through catch ball game to enhance motoric and cognitive skills in elementary school students. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 4(4), 534–547. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i4.337
Wiyarko, W., & Adhi, B. P. (2025). Enhancing physical education learning outcomes through game based learning approach in primary schools. Juwara: Jurnal Wawasan Dan Aksara, 5(1), 261–273. https://doi.org/10.58740/juwara.v5i1.495
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mudayat Mudayat, Ade Imelda Frimayanti, Mualimin Mualimin, Ahmad Farid Fanani, Muhammad Yusuf Pratama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
