Influencia del consumo agudo de cafeína en el rendimiento y variables biomecánicas del salto vertical: un ensayo aleatorizado cruzado

Autores/as

  • Arnau Baena-Riera Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain / Sport, Exercise, and Human Movement (SEaHM), University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
  • Xantal Borràs-Boix Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain / Sport, Exercise, and Human Movement (SEaHM), University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
  • Javier Peña Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain / Sport, Exercise, and Human Movement (SEaHM), University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119204

Palabras clave:

Ayudas ergogénicas, fatiga, lesiones, salto con contramovimiento, técnica

Resumen

Introducción: Aunque los efectos ergogénicos de la cafeína (CAFF) están bien documentados, su impacto en la técnica durante el ejercicio físico requiere una investigación más exhaustiva.

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de 6mg/kg de CAFF en la técnica y el rendimiento del salto.

Metodología: Este estudio con diseño aleatorizado, cruzado y doble ciego incluyó catorce sujetos entrenados con consumo naïve-bajo de CAFF. Los participantes realizaron seis saltos con contramovimiento sin (PRE) y con (POST) fatiga durante una sesión control (CON), una sesión con placebo (PLA) y una sesión con CAFF, con un periodo de lavado de siete días entre sesiones. El rendimiento y los aspectos biomecánicos fueron considerados las variables principales.

Resultados: Los catorce participantes fueron incluidos en los análisis. CAFF no afectó significativamente a las variables analizadas. En comparación con CON, PLA incrementó el valgo de rodilla en el contacto inicial del aterrizaje de la pierna izquierda (d=0.82) y la duración de la fase propulsiva (d=0.76). En comparación con CON PRE, la duración de la fase propulsiva también aumentó en PLA PRE, PLA POST y CAFF POST (d=1.19-1.45). La fatiga disminuyó el valgo de rodilla en la posición más profunda del aterrizaje (d=0.48-0.50) e incrementó el rango de movimiento del varo de rodilla (d=0.52-0.68) en ambas piernas, aumentó la duración de la fase de frenado (d=0.65), redujo el pico de potencia relativo (d=0.73) y disminuyó la altura del salto (d=0.26).

Discusión: La falta de efecto de CAFF sobre el rendimiento contrasta con la evidencia previa, mientras que el impacto de PLA podría reflejar un efecto nocebo.

Conclusiones: CAFF no fue ergogénica para la altura del salto con contramovimiento, ni pareció afectar su biomecánica. No obstante, en comparación con CON, PLA afectó negativamente algunos resultados. La fatiga también afectó algunas variables de forma compleja.

Este estudio se registró prospectivamente en ClinicalTrials (NCT06039358).

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Publicado

13-07-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Baena-Riera, A. ., Borràs-Boix, X., & Peña, J. (2026). Influencia del consumo agudo de cafeína en el rendimiento y variables biomecánicas del salto vertical: un ensayo aleatorizado cruzado. Retos, 82, 638-651. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119204