Convergent validation of the Secondary School Physical Fitness battery as an alternative to Eurofit in secondary education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119724

Keywords:

physical fitness, physical education, assessment, eurofit, secondary education, field tests

Abstract

Introduction: The assessment of physical fitness in Physical Education requires tests that are valid, applicable, and useful for guiding teaching practice.

Objective: This study compared the Eurofit battery with an alternative test known as the Secondary School (CFS), designed to assess flexibility, core strength, jumping, throwing, speed, and endurance in pupils in secondary education.

Methodology: A total of 148 adolescents participated: 82 boys and 66 girls from years 7 to 10. This study analyzed the associations between the corresponding tests, differences in marks and perceived effort, relationships with sex, age, weekly physical activity, and anthropometric variables, as well as the convergent validity of the final CFS mark in relation to Eurofit.

Results: The CFS battery showed a significant association with Eurofit in terms of the final mark (rho = .54; p < .001; r = .55; p < .001), although the absolute agreement was moderate-low (ICC = .41), indicating that the two test batteries are not interchangeable in all respects. The CFS reduced overall perceived exertion by 32.4% (p < .001) and maintained significant associations with speed, throwing, and endurance.

Discussion: The Thomas test, Biering-Sørensen test, SJ-CMJ-elasticity index combination, rotational throw, 30 m sprint, and Rockport test provided information that was more specific and applicable to the school context.

Conclusions: The results support the convergent validation of the CFS as a viable, functional, and inclusive alternative for assessing physical fitness in Physical Education, and future research should confirm its reliability, sensitivity to change, and external validity.

References

Bandyopadhyay, A. (2015). Validity of Cooper's 12-minute run test for estimation of maximum oxygen uptake in male university students. Biology of Sport, 32(1), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1127283

Blázquez Sánchez, D. (2006). Evaluar en educación física. Inde.

Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(5), 377–381.

Borms, D., Maenhout, A., & Cools, A. M. (2016). Upper quadrant field tests and isokinetic upper limb strength in overhead athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(10), 789–796. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.06

Bosco, C., & Komi, P. V. (1979). Mechanical characteristics and fiber composition of human leg extensor muscles. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 41(4), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00429744

Brazo-Sayavera, J., Silva, D. R., Lang, J. J., Tomkinson, G. R., Agostinis-Sobrinho, C., Andersen, L. B., García-Hermoso, A., Gaya, A. R., Jurak, G., Lee, E. Y., Liu, Y., Lubans, D. R., Okely, A. D., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Tremblay, M. S., & Dos Santos, L. (2024). Physical fitness surveillance and monitoring systems inventory for children and adolescents: A scoping review with a global perspective. Sports Medicine, 54(7), 1755–1769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02038-9

Castro-Piñero, J., Artero, E. G., España-Romero, V., Ortega, F. B., Sjöström, M., Suni, J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 934–943. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.058321

Cordente-Martínez, C. (2006). Estudio epidemiológico del nivel de actividad física y de otros parámetros de interés relacionados con la salud bio-psico-social en los alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria del municipio de Madrid [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid].

Cuadrado, G., Morante, J. C., Redondo, J. C., & Zarzuela, R. (2009). Valoración de la condición física de la población escolar mediante la batería Eurofit. Wanceulen.

Cureton, K. J., Sloniger, M. A., O’Bannon, J. P., Black, D. M., & McCormack, W. P. (1995). A generalized equation for prediction of VO2peak from 1-mile run/walk performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(3), 445–451.

Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., MacDonald, J., & Myer, G. D. (2016). Citius, Altius, Fortius: Beneficial effects of resistance training for young athletes: Narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094621

Galán-Arroyo, C., Mendoza-Muñoz, D. M., Mañana-Iglesias, C., & Rojo-Ramos, J. (2024). La aptitud física, indicador de un desarrollo saludable en el preadolescente. Retos, 52, 447–456. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.99772

González, Y., Jiménez Garzón, L. E., Díaz Marín, J. M., & Díaz, H. (2013). Valoración de las capacidades físicas condicionales en escolares de básica secundaria y media del colegio distrital Gerardo Paredes de la localidad de Suba. Movimiento Científico, 7(1), 93–104. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=4781967

Hardy, S. G. J., Stelzer-Hiller, O. W., Edwards, K. M., & Freeston, J. (2025). Criterion validity and reliability of a new medicine ball rotational power test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 39(3), e429–e435. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005001

Horta-Gim, M. A., Rendon-Delcid, P. A., Vega-Orozco, S. I., Horta Gim, V. H., & Romero-Pérez, E. M. (2025). Relación entre composición corporal y condición física en niños y adolescentes del noroeste de México. Retos, 66, 1085–1093. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.113985

Inbar, O., & Amon, E. (2016). A new field-test for the assessment of the human anaerobic and repeated sprints capability reliability and validity. Harefuah, 155(6), 335–339.

Izquierdo, M., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2008). Propiedades biomecánicas del músculo. En M. Izquierdo (Ed.), Biomecánica y bases neuromusculares de la actividad física y el deporte (pp. 173–201). Médica Panamericana.

Lagally, K. M., & Robertson, R. J. (2006). Construct validity of the OMNI resistance exercise scale. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(1), 252–256. https://doi.org/10.1519/r-17224.1

Markovic, G., Dizdar, D., Jukic, I., & Cardinale, M. (2004). Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2004)18%3C551:rafvos%3E2.0.co;2

Martínez-Romero, M. T., Ayala, F., De Ste Croix, M., Vera-Garcia, F. J., Sainz de Baranda, P., Santonja-Medina, F., & Sánchez-Meca, J. (2020). A meta-analysis of the reliability of four field-based trunk extension endurance tests. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093088

McNeish, D. (2018). Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here. Psychological Methods, 23(3), 412–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000144

McSwegin, P. J., Plowman, S. A., Wolff, G. M., & Guttenberg, G. L. (1998). The validity of a one-mile walk test for high school age individuals. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee0201_4

Miñarro, P. (2008). Ejercicios desaconsejados en la actividad física. Inde.

O’Gorman, D. J., Hunter, A., McDonnacha, C., & Kirwan, J. P. (2000). Validity of field tests for evaluating endurance capacity in competitive and international-level sports participants. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(1), 62–67.

Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774

Peeler, J. D., & Anderson, J. E. (2008). Reliability limits of the modified Thomas test for assessing rectus femoris muscle flexibility about the knee joint. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(5), 470–476. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.5.470

Petrigna, L., Karsten, B., Marcolin, G., Paoli, A., D’Antona, G., Palma, A., & Bianco, A. (2019). A review of countermovement and squat jump testing methods in the context of public health examination in adolescence: Reliability and feasibility of current testing procedures. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1384. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01384

Ruiz, J. R., Castro-Piñero, J., España-Romero, V., Artero, E. G., Ortega, F. B., Cuenca, M. M., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Chillón, P., Girela-Rejón, M. J., Mora, J., Gutiérrez, A., Suni, J., Sjöström, M., & Castillo, M. J. (2011). Field-based fitness assessment in young people: The ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(6), 518–524. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.075341

Sainz de Baranda, P., & Ayala, F. (2010). Chronic flexibility improvement after 12 weeks of stretching program utilizing the ACSM recommendations: Hamstring flexibility. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(6), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249082

Sargent, D. A. (1921). The physical test of a man. American Physical Education Review, 26(4), 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/23267224.1921.10650486

Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0

Smith, J. J., Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). The health benefits of muscular fitness for children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(9), 1209–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0196-4

Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582

Tomkinson, G. R., Olds, T. S., & Borms, J. (2007). Who are the Eurofittest? Medicine and Sport Science, 50, 104–128. https://doi.org/10.1159/000101355

Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Rey-López, J. P., Ruiz, J. R., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Bergman, P., Ciarapica, D., Heredia, J. M., Molnar, D., Gutierrez, A., Moreno, L. A., & Ortega, F. B. (2011). Interrater reliability and time measurement validity of speed-agility field tests in adolescents. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 2059–2063. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e742fe

Ward-Smith, A. J. (2001). Energy conversion strategies during 100-m sprinting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(9), 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410152475838

Wells, K. F., & Dillon, E. K. (1952). The sit and reach: A test of back and leg flexibility. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 23(1), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1952.10761965

Downloads

Published

30-05-2026

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Martín-Ruiz, J., Ros-Ros, C., Gallego-Cerveró, C., Tamarit-Grancha, I., & Ruiz-Sanchis, L. (2026). Convergent validation of the Secondary School Physical Fitness battery as an alternative to Eurofit in secondary education. Retos, 83, 211-228. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119724