Diferencias en la carga externa e interna en función de la posición de juego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v85.120195Palabras clave:
rendimiento, posición de juego, fútbol, cargaResumen
Antecedentes y objetivos: el análisis de la carga en el fútbol se ha consolidado como un factor esencial para optimizar el rendimiento y reducir el riesgo de lesiones en los jugadores de diferentes niveles competitivos. Las cargas externas e internas en el fútbol presentan cambios significativos según la posición del jugador, y estas diferencias deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de planificar el entrenamiento, así como en la periodización y el control de la carga durante la temporada y en la prevención de lesiones. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar y comparar la carga externa, interna y neuromuscular en futbolistas sénior de Portugal en función de sus distintas posiciones.
Métodos: se utilizaron Wimu ProTM (Hudl, Nebraska, Estados Unidos) y pulseras de frecuencia cardíaca Garmin (Garmin International Inc., Kansas, EE. UU.) para cuantificar y evaluar la carga externa e interna de los jugadores. Se cuantificó un total de 121 deportistas, que se dividieron en 5 posiciones de juego.
Resultados: se observaron diferencias significativas entre las posiciones de los jugadores en varias variables de carga externa y neuromuscular (p >0,001). Considerando la distancia, los mediocampistas reportaron valores medios más altos (118,20±12,41) en comparación con las otras posiciones. Considerando la carga del jugador, se reportaron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes posiciones (p <0,001; ε² = 0,285) e impactos totales/min (p <0,001; ε² = 0,312). Respecto a la carga interna (Frecuencia Cardíaca), se observó una diferencia significativa para la variable FC promedio (lpm) (p = 0,024; ε² = 0,062) al comparar GK con todas las demás posiciones. En la misma línea, los GK fueron los que reflejaron los valores más bajos según la FC promedio.
Conclusiones: la inclusión de variables cinemáticas, neuromusculares y cardíacas permite al cuerpo técnico comprender mejor el rendimiento deportivo y facilita la toma de decisiones del responsable de rendimiento.
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