Diferenças na carga externa e interna consoante a posição de jogo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v85.120195Palavras-chave:
desempenho, posição do jogador, futebol, cargaResumo
Enquadramento e objetivos: A análise de carga no futebol consolidou-se como um fator essencial para otimizar o desempenho e reduzir o risco de lesão em jogadores de diferentes níveis competitivos. As cargas externas e internas no futebol variam significativamente dependendo da posição do jogador, e estas diferenças devem ser consideradas no planeamento do treino, bem como na periodização e gestão da carga durante a época e na prevenção de lesões. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a carga externa, interna e neuromuscular em jogadores de futebol profissionais de Portugal, de acordo com as suas diferentes posições.
Métodos: Foram utilizados os monitores de ritmo cardíaco Wimu Pro™ (Hudl, Nebraska, EUA) e Garmin (Garmin International Inc., Kansas, EUA) para quantificar e avaliar a carga externa e interna dos jogadores. Foram avaliados um total de 121 atletas, divididos em 5 posições de jogo.
Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as posições dos jogadores em diversas variáveis de carga externa e neuromuscular (p > 0,001). Em relação à distância, os médios apresentaram valores médios mais elevados (118,20 ± 12,41) em comparação com as restantes posições. Considerando a carga do jogador, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as diferentes posições (p < 0,001; ε² = 0,285) e o total de impactos/min (p < 0,001; ε² = 0,312). Quanto à carga interna (frequência cardíaca), observou-se uma diferença significativa na frequência cardíaca média (bpm) (p = 0,024; ε² = 0,062) quando comparado o avançado-centro (guarda-redes) com todas as outras posições. Da mesma forma, os avançados-centro (guarda-redes) apresentaram a frequência cardíaca média mais baixa.
Conclusões: A inclusão de variáveis cinemáticas, neuromusculares e cardíacas permite à equipa técnica uma melhor compreensão do desempenho desportivo e facilita a tomada de decisões por parte do gestor de desempenho.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Diogo Tereso, Rui Paulo, Sergio J. Ibáñez, Mário C. Espada, Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, José M. Gamonales
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