Pernas mais longas ganham corridas? Uma análise do papel do comprimento dos membros, da potência explosiva e do tempo de reação nas corridas de velocidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119319Palavras-chave:
Desenvolvimento, mecânico, desempenho, fisiológico, potencialResumo
Introdução: O desempenho ideal em corridas de velocidade depende de diversos fatores físicos, fisiológicos e estruturais. A estrutura corporal, o treino, a aptidão natural e as instalações adequadas são componentes-chave para o desempenho nesta modalidade.
Objectivo: Este estudo examinou o papel do comprimento dos membros no desempenho em corridas de velocidade, especificamente em relação à potência explosiva e ao tempo de reação, em velocistas adolescentes do sexo masculino. A hipótese era de que o comprimento dos membros desempenharia um papel decisivo no desempenho em corridas de velocidade.
Metodologia: Uma amostra de 32 participantes do sexo masculino completou uma intervenção de 8 semanas, consistindo em cinco sessões de 120 minutos por semana. Os participantes foram recrutados em quatro academias de atletismo em Peshawar. Os participantes tinham entre 14 e 17 anos de idade e deveriam ter dois anos de experiência em corridas de velocidade. Foi utilizado um desenho experimental, e os participantes foram alocados aleatoriamente a um grupo de controlo ou a um grupo experimental (n=16 em cada caso).
Resultados: O grupo experimental realizou exercícios adicionais de pliometria e técnica de corrida. Foram recolhidos dados antropométricos, incluindo altura, peso, comprimento da perna, índice de massa corporal, potência explosiva, tempo de reação e desempenho em sprints.
Discussão: O grupo experimental apresentou melhorias significativamente maiores na potência explosiva (F(1,30) = 12,45, p = 0,001, ηp² = 0,29) e nos tempos de sprint (F(1,30) = 15,32, p < 0,001, ηp² = 0,34) em comparação com o grupo controlo. Não foi encontrada correlação entre o comprimento do membro e o tempo de reação.
Conclusão: O papel biomecânico do membro mais longo é crucial na corrida de velocidade; no entanto, o treino estruturado de potência explosiva pode otimizar ainda mais esta vantagem estrutural.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Mohibullah Khan Marwat, Shah Zaman Khan, Sajid Hussain, Muhammad Salman, Samera Saman, Kashif Mehmood, Muhammad Asad Khan, Hummaira Farah
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